Egg-Dumping Behavior is Not Correlated with Wider Host Acceptance in the Seed Beetle <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

Messina, Frank J.; Fox, Charles

doi:10.1603/an11040

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The earlier initiation and shorter duration of oviposition associated with increased temperature variation may represent the "egg-dumping" behavior of female EAB. Such "egg-dumping" behavior has also been observed with other beetles such as Callosobruchus maculates when stressed with abnormal conditions such as host-deprivation and/or food-shortages (e.g., Messina & Fox, 2011;Messina, Morrey, & Mendenhall, 2007). In addition, our study showed that both O. agrili survival and parasitism rate generally exhibited a negative response to climate variation as well as host densities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Climate variation alters the synchrony of host–parasitoid interactions

Wetherington

Jennings

Shrewsbury

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Observed changes in mean temperature and increased frequency of extreme climate events have already impacted the distributions and phenologies of various organisms, including insects. Although some research has examined how parasitoids will respond to colder temperatures or experimental warming, we know relatively little about how increased variation in temperature and humidity could affect interactions between parasitoids and their hosts. Using a study system consisting of emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, and its egg parasitoid Oobius agrili, we conducted environmentally controlled laboratory experiments to investigate how increased seasonal climate variation affected the synchrony of host–parasitoid interactions. We hypothesized that increased climate variation would lead to decreases in host and parasitoid survival, host fecundity, and percent parasitism (independent of host density), while also influencing percent diapause in parasitoids. EAB was reared in environmental chambers under four climate variation treatments (standard deviations in temperature of 1.24, 3.00, 3.60, and 4.79°C), while O. agrili experiments were conducted in the same environmental chambers using a 4 × 3 design (four climate variation treatments × 3 EAB egg densities). We found that EAB fecundity was negatively associated with temperature variation and that temperature variation altered the temporal egg laying distribution of EAB. Additionally, even moderate increases in temperature variation affected parasitoid emergence times, while decreasing percent parasitism and survival. Furthermore, percent diapause in parasitoids was positively associated with humidity variation. Our findings indicate that relatively small changes in the frequency and severity of extreme climate events have the potential to phenologically isolate emerging parasitoids from host eggs, which in the absence of alternative hosts could lead to localized extinctions. More broadly, these results indicate how climate change could affect various life history parameters in insects, and have implications for consumer–resource stability and biological control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Climate variation alters the synchrony of host–parasitoid interactions

Wetherington

Jennings

Shrewsbury

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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“…The two populations used in this study differed in both their geographic origin and long-term host afÞl-iation, and were known to differ in several ecologically relevant traits (Messina and Slade 1997, Savalli et al 2000, Fox et al 2004a, Messina et al 2007, Messina and Fox 2011. Available molecular data suggest that C. maculatus populations in Africa, where the insect is native, are generally genetically distant to those in various regions of Asia (Berg and Mitchell 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although completely interfertile, the African and Asian strains show strong genetic differences in body size, lifespan, egg-laying behavior, larval competitiveness, degree of male-male competition, paternal investment, and other traits (Messina and Slade 1997, Savalli et al 2000, Messina et al 2007, Messina and Fox 2011. By virtue of differences in larval size and competitive behavior within seeds, the two populations even differ in their impact on seed germination and the subsequent survival of host seedlings (Fox et al 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Adaptation to a Novel Host by a Seed Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae): Effect of Source Population

Messina

Durham

2013

Environ Entomol

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Geographic populations of a widespread species can differ in their ability to adapt to a novel environment because they possess different amounts of the requisite genetic variation. We compared responses to the same novel host in ecologically and genetically divergent populations of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Populations from Africa and Asia had been derived from and maintained on different legume hosts. In preselection assays, both populations exhibited lower survival, slower development, and smaller size on a third host (adzuki bean), and the difference in performance between the ancestral and novel hosts was especially high for the African population. Replicate lines of each population were switched to adzuki bean or maintained on the ancestral host, and beetle performance was measured on both hosts after 12 generations. Survival on adzuki bean increased substantially in the adzuki-bean lines of the African population, but improved only slightly in the Asian lines. Similarly, only the African adzuki-bean lines exhibited significantly faster development on adzuki bean. Improved performance on adzuki bean did not simultaneously reduce performance on the ancestral host. Together with previous studies, these results confirm that populations of C. maculatus often possess sufficient standing genetic variation for rapid adaptation to a novel host, but the magnitude of the response may depend on the source population. Although international trade in grain legumes can expand beetle host ranges and produce unusual biotypes, the consistent absence of strong genetic trade-offs in larval performance or adult oviposition across hosts makes it unlikely that this insect would form distinct host races.

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