Egg-Derived Tri-Peptide IRW Exerts Antihypertensive Effects in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

BackgroundThere is a growing interest in using functional food components as therapy for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. We have previously characterized a tri-peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) from egg white protein ovotransferrin; this peptide showed anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor properties in vitro. Given the pathogenic roles played by angiotensin, oxidative stress and inflammation in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we tested the therapeutic potential of IRW in this well-established model of hypertension.Methods and Results16–17 week old male SHRs were orally administered IRW at either a low dose (3 mg/Kg BW) or a high dose (15 mg/Kg BW) daily for 18 days. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured by telemetry. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the treatment for vascular function studies and measuring markers of inflammation. IRW treatment attenuated mean BP by ~10 mmHg and ~40 mmHg at the low- and high-dose groups respectively compared to untreated SHRs. Heart rate was not affected. Reduction in BP was accompanied by the restoration of diurnal variations in BP, preservation of nitric oxide dependent vasorelaxation, as well as reduction of plasma angiotensin II, other inflammatory markers and tissue fibrosis.ConclusionOur results demonstrate anti-hypertensive effects of IRW in vivo likely mediated through ACE inhibition, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and anti-inflammatory properties.

Purification and characterization of antioxidant peptides from cooked eggs using a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model in vascular smooth muscle A7r5 cells

“…[5][6][7] Egg constituents including peptides and proteins, lipids and phospholipids, carotenoids have been reported to exert antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties in chemical, cellular, and animal experiments. [8][9][10] Peptides derived from egg white proteins were reported to have good antioxidant properties. Two peptides derived from egg white peptic hydrolysates, YAEERYPIL and SALAM, showed oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of 3.8 and 2.7 µmol, respectively.…”

Structural and functional characterization of yellow field pea seed (Pisum sativum L.) protein-derived antihypertensive peptides

“…For example, enzymatic food protein hydrolysates and peptides with antihypertensive activities have been widely demonstrated García-Tejedor et al, 2014;He, Alashi, Malomo, et al, 2013;He, Malomo, Alashi, et al, 2013;He, Malomo, Girgih, Ju, & Aluko, 2013;Huang, Sun, He, Dong, & Li, 2011;Li et al, 2011;Majumder et al, 2013;Yamada et al, 2013). Some of the reports have also shown that the blood pressure-lowering effect of the food protein hydrolysates and peptides is related to direct in vivo reduction in plasma ACE and renin activities (García-Tejedor et al, 2014;Girgih, Alashi, He, Malomo, & Aluko, 2014;Huang et al, 2011).…”

The Utility of Ovotransferrin and Ovotransferrin-Derived Peptides as Possible Candidates in the Clinical Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

“…The latter two studies suggest that this partially occurs through the modulation of the NF- κ B pathway. Researchers posited the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of IRW on endothelial cells [44], while Majumder et al corroborated this by employing an in vivo study [45]. Specifically, the study incorporated SHRs to demonstrate that the peptide had antihypertensive properties and, moreover, that it facilitated enhancements to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (demonstrated in an ex vivo study).…”

“…Specifically, the study incorporated SHRs to demonstrate that the peptide had antihypertensive properties and, moreover, that it facilitated enhancements to endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (demonstrated in an ex vivo study). In addition, Majumder et al found evidence to indicate that enhancements regarding lessened indicators of inflammation, along with significant relationships, were identified with respect to cell-based and animal research [45]. Recent reports testify to the capacity at which IRW has to upregulate ACE2 expression in the context of SHR vasculature [31], while comparable anti-inflammatory properties regarding endothelial cells and vasculoprotective functions have been identified regarding SHRs [46].…”