Egalitarianism and Prioritarianism

Hirose, Iwao

doi:10.1057/9780230305885.0009

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…However, to strive for minimization of insufficiency may often give preference to people just below the threshold (since these people will often be easier to lift above it) rather than the worse off [cf. 4,6,20]. It follows from this interpretation that we should be indifferent to how badly off people are below the threshold, so it seems as if there will not be much left of the initial intuitive appeal of need principles.…”

Section: Some Challenges For Sufficiency Principlesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The second group is the people between the thresholds. 11 For discussions about the arbitrariness of positioning the threshold see [1,3,4,20, esp. pp.…”

Section: Double Threshold Prioritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each case, there are two alternatives of which only one can be chosen. 20 i. We can either (a) provide a minor (but not trivial) benefit to one individual among the worst off or (b) provide large benefits to a hundred thousand people among the moderately badly off.…”

Section: Transitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles of Need and the Aggregation Thesis

Gustavsson

Juth

2017

Health Care Anal

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Principles of need are constantly referred to in health care priority setting. The common denominator for any principle of need is that it will ascribe some kind of special normative weight to people being worse off. However, this common ground does not answer the question how a plausible principle of need should relate to the aggregation of benefits across individuals. Principles of need are sometimes stated as being incompatible with aggregation and sometimes characterized as accepting aggregation in much the same way as utilitarians do. In this paper we argue that if one wants to take principles of need seriously both of these positions have unreasonable implications. We then characterize and defend a principle of need consisting of sufficientarian elements as well as prioritarian which avoids these unreasonable implications.

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Section: Some Challenges For Sufficiency Principlesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The second group is the people between the thresholds. 11 For discussions about the arbitrariness of positioning the threshold see [1,3,4,20, esp. pp.…”

Section: Double Threshold Prioritymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Principles of Need and the Aggregation Thesis

Gustavsson

Juth

2017

Health Care Anal

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“…(For more comprehen sive discussions see, e.g., White 2006;Hirose 2014. ) So, this essay will concentrate on whether equality between people is a substantive component of social distributive justice (which, somewhat controversially, I will understand as fairness in the alloca tion of the nonrelational benefits and burdens within the disposition of major social institutions), as against a foundational or formal value.…”

Section: The Nature Of Equalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But if equality has the impor tance egalitarians claim, should its scope not be intergenerational and global? (See Rawls 1999b;Pogge 2008;Miller 2010;Tan 2012;Hirose 2014;Moss 2014;Lippert-Rasmussen 2015. ) See also: aristotle; autonomy; capabilities; consequentialism; contractualism; deontology; desert; difference principle; disabilities, people with; egalitarianism; equality of opportunity; harm; liberalism; libertarianism; nietzsche, friedrich; nonidentity problem; perfectionism; preference; prioritarianism; rawls, john; responsibility; rights; self-respect and self-esteem; utilitarianism; value pluralism; virtue; well-being…”

Section: Two Outstanding Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equality

Young¹

2016

The International Encyclopedia of Ethics

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Equality is a comparative notion: thus, for example, there is equality between two people in relation to a benefit or a burden when each receives the same benefit or shoulders the same burden. That it is a comparative notion is common to all accounts of equality. This essay considers the nature of equality when viewed as a substantive component of social distributive justice; outlines and reviews some suggested measurements of equality; outlines and critically discusses some frequently voiced criticisms of the pursuit of equality; and notes some ongoing controversies about the scope of equality among those who consider it central to issues of social distributive justice.

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Adaptation and illness severity: the significance of suffering

Jølstad

2023

Med Health Care and Philos

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Adaptation to illness, and its relevance for distribution in health care, has been the subject of vigorous debate. In this paper I examine an aspect of this discussion that seems so far to have been overlooked: that some illnesses are difficult, or even impossible, to adapt to. This matters because adaptation reduces suffering. Illness severity is a priority setting criterion in several countries. When considering severity, we are interested in the extent to which an illness makes a person worse-off. I argue that no plausible theory of well-being can disregard suffering when determining to what extent someone is worse-off in terms of health. We should accept, all else equal, that adapting to an illness makes the illness less severe by reducing suffering. Accepting a pluralist theory of well-being allows us to accept my argument, while still making room for the possibility that adaptation is sometimes, all things considered, bad. Finally, I argue that we should conceptualize adaptability as a feature of illness, and thereby account for adaptation on a group level for the purposes of priority setting.

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Egalitarianism and Prioritarianism

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Principles of Need and the Aggregation Thesis

Principles of Need and the Aggregation Thesis

Equality

Adaptation and illness severity: the significance of suffering

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