Egalitarian norms, economic development, and ethnic polarization

Haagsma, Rein; Mouche, Pierre von

doi:10.1016/j.jce.2012.10.005

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Although not widely studied, there is precedent for expecting an influx of market interactions to disintegrate traditional social relations and erode egalitarian norms and values (Haagsma and Mouche 2013). Among the Shipibo of Peru, a cash market for agricultural labor and meat led to a reduction in traditional food sharing behavior (Behrens 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers

et al. 2015

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Sharing and exchange are common practices for minimizing food insecurity in rural populations. The advent of markets and monetization in egalitarian indigenous populations presents an alternative means of managing risk, with the potential impact of eroding traditional networks. We test whether market involvement buffers several types of risk and reduces traditional sharing behavior among Tsimane Amerindians of the Bolivian Amazon. Results vary based on type of market integration and scale of analysis (household vs. village), consistent with the notion that local culture and ecology shape risk management strategies. Greater wealth and income were unassociated with the reliance on others for food, or on reciprocity, but wealth was associated with a greater proportion of food given to others (i.e., giving intensity) and a greater number of sharing partners (i.e., sharing breadth). Across villages, greater mean income was negatively associated with reciprocity, but economic inequality was positively associated with giving intensity and sharing breadth. Incipient market integration does not necessarily replace traditional buffering strategies but instead can often enhance social capital.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers

et al. 2015

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“…This research contributed to literature and growing debates in the modernity era [35], [36]. The economic development and modernization involve cultural norm transformation where traditional norm becomes egalitarian, and trust tends to be changed by modern individualistic values [35].…”

Section: The Specific Contribution Of This Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

Modernizing Dairy Farm: A Production Mode Analysis

Salman

Siregar

et al. 2020

Int. J. Adv. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol.

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Appearing livestock modernity due to a greater dependency on the market and actions follows the capitalistic logic of production. This study focuses on the mode of production in developing dairy cattle in the modernity era. Data collection was carried out through observations, recordings, and deep interviews for key informants using the snowball technique. The data were compiled in forms of field notes and audio records transferring into written transcription. Those data were then analyzed using thematic analysis. This study found out that the forces of production in dairy farms are based on simple technology, and subsistence needs orientation. Also, this study becomes aware of the social relations of production in dairy farms are based on a low division of labor and combine morality and rationality based on production organizations. Thus, the mode of production of dairy farming is a noncapitalistic. This research contributes to the modernization theory that the modernization process is not always displayed by changes from non-capitalistic to capitalistic modes of production. It is expected that dairy farming is no longer considered a side job, but is a promising and attractive job for the younger generation. Thus, this condition encourages the emergence of young breeders who certainly have better abilities than the current breeders. The increasing entrepreneurial spirit of farmers, it is expected to have an impact on increasing income and employment. Production mode also plays an essential function to assist in increasing output per labor unit. Labor productivity is projected to rise through innovation and technology.

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“…Moreover, farmers are more likely to participate in cash cropping if they have better access to informal finance through social networks because social networks enable them to finance their investments in new inputs and their technology acquisitions. Increased access to useful social networks has also become a crucial resource that provides social support to all individuals within the community [41,42]. The spread of information about the benefits of the adoption of technological innovations is significantly facilitated by the participation of individuals within their social networks [43].…”

Section: Smallholders Cash Crops and Food Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multipurpose cooperatives, savings and credit cooperatives and Equbi are social networking mechanisms, and farmer's participation in such networks has a positive influence on his or her participation in the vegetable business. Social networks via cooperatives are vital in promoting the commercialization of smallholders in rural areas through their services provision and knowledge exchange [41,42]. This is because networked farmers often acquire new farm management skills and information from their networks.…”

Section: Participation In the Vegetable Businessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia

et al. 2019

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In Ethiopia, there have been increased efforts to promote market-oriented vegetable production. Given that food security is a crucial issue in Ethiopia, the question is whether market-oriented vegetable production will actually help farmers to become more food secure. Using a mixed methods approach, the present research gathered empirical evidence on the determinants of participation in the vegetable business and its food security impacts in the Raya Azebo district. The Heckman two-stage selection model was used to identify factors affecting participation in the vegetable business and its effects on several food security outcomes. A thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. The results show that a farmer’s participation in the vegetable business increased significantly with adequate household productive resources (e.g., land size and access to irrigation), cooperative memberships and access to extension services. On the other hand, the age of the head of household, the market distance and risk perceptions significantly decreased participation. Additionally, the results indicate participation in the vegetable business results not only in higher food availability and access but also in lower food variety and diet diversity scores. Participation has less of an impact on per capita kilocalorie consumption and child anthropometric measures of food security. The policy implication is that, while Ethiopia is going ahead with inclusive market-driven approaches to food security, alternative mechanisms must be put in place to address the negative impacts and to empower those living in the most vulnerable conditions.

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Egalitarian norms, economic development, and ethnic polarization

Cited by 11 publications

References 58 publications

Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers

Does Market Integration Buffer Risk, Erode Traditional Sharing Practices and Increase Inequality? A Test among Bolivian Forager-Farmers

Modernizing Dairy Farm: A Production Mode Analysis

Vegetable Business and Smallholders’ Food Security: Empirical Findings from Northern Ethiopia

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