EFSA's 12th Scientific Colloquium — Assessing health benefits of controlling Campylobacter in the food chain

Bronzwaer, S L A M; Hugas, Marta; Collins, J. D.; Newell, DG; Robinson, Tobin; Mäkelä, P; Havelaar, Arie H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.01.033

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This suggests that meat at retail with higher contamination levels provide a higher the risk, a correlation that had also been predicted by risk assessment (Rosenquist et al. 2003) and by mathematical modelling (Bronzwaer et al. 2009).…”

Section: En Route the Slaughter House And Meat Processingsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of food‐borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide; in the European Union, it is the most common cause, before Salmonella (Bronzwaer et al. 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Newell and Fearnley 2003; de Zoete et al. 2007; Boysen and Rosenquist 2009; Bronzwaer et al. 2009; Lin 2009; Cox and Pavic 2010; Guerin et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Following an imaginary Campylobacter population from farm to fork and beyond: a bacterial perspective

Wassenaar

2011

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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It has been known for decades that poultry meat is the most common single source for campylobacteriosis, yet the problem has not been solved. This review identifies some of the reasons why our attempts to reduce the incidence of this pathogen have largely failed. Based on the literature, the events a virtual population of Campylobacter may encounter, from growing in the gut of a broiler to eventually infecting humans and causing disease, are reviewed. Most steps in the farm-to-fork process are well studied, though there are gaps in our knowledge about survival and spread of Campylobacter populations before they enter the farm. Key events in the farm-to-fork chain that are suitable targets for prevention and control, to reduce food-borne campylobacteriosis, are indicated. Novel insights into the pathogenic mechanism responsible for disease in humans are summarized, which hypothesize that an overactive immune response is the reason for the typical inflammatory diarrhoea. A role of genetic microheterogeneity within a clonal population in this chain of events is being proposed here. The human host is not necessary for the survival of the bacterial species, nor have these bacteria specifically evolved to cause disease in that host. More likely, the species evolved for a commensal life in birds, and human disease can be considered as collateral damage owing to an unfortunate host-microbe interaction. The indirect environmental burden that results from poultry production should not be ignored as it may pose a diffuse, but possibly significant risk factor for disease.

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Section: En Route the Slaughter House And Meat Processingsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Following an imaginary Campylobacter population from farm to fork and beyond: a bacterial perspective

Wassenaar

2011

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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“…Campylobacter species, in particular Campylobacter jejuni ( C. jejuni ), cause the majority of human food-borne bacterial gastroenteritis in the industrialized world [1, 2]. Campylobacter jejuni is found in a range of domesticated animals, and chickens are the predominant reservoir for C. jejuni [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in host breed and diet influence colonization by Campylobacter jejuni and induction of local immune responses in chicken

Han¹,

Willer²,

Pielsticker³

et al. 2016

Gut Pathog

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BackgroundChickens are regarded as the main reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. Little is known about the interaction between Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and chickens. This interaction may be influenced by the stage of maturation of the immune system, developing gut microbiota composition and other factors including breed and diet. Our aim was to investigate the impact of breed, and diet on C. jejuni colonization and host immune responses in chickens. Birds were inoculated with 104 colony forming units (CFU) of C. jejuni or diluent at one (Exp. 1) or 22 (Exp. 2) days post hatch. We compared local immune cell subpopulations, cytokine expression levels, and gut microbiota composition between broiler-type (BT) and layer-type (LT) birds fed with either commercial broiler feed (bf) or layer feed (lf).ResultsLower colonization rates were observed in the older age group independent of breed and diet. Independent of breed, birds fed with bf showed higher CFU of C. jejuni compared to lf-fed groups. Campylobacter jejuni-inoculation had a significant effect on lymphocyte numbers and cytokine expression levels in BT birds independent of feeding strategy (p < 0.05). These effects were not detected in LT birds, only LT birds fed with bf showed a significant increase in IL-8-expression at 7 days post C. jejuni inoculation compared to LT-control birds (p < 0.05). Diet influenced gut microbiota composition in a comparable manner between BT and LT birds, but changes in microbiota composition associated with C. jejuni inoculation varied between breeds.ConclusionsDiet and breed influenced C. jejuni colonization, immune responses and microbiota composition to a different extent comparing between LT and BT birds. The mechanisms behind these differences have to be elucidated further. Our results suggest that selection for more resistant breeds in combination with adapted feeding strategies may help to reduce Campylobacter colonization levels in commercial poultry in the future.

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“…Campylobacteriosis is now the major cause of food‐poisoning in Europe and therefore of significant public health concern (Bronzwaer et al. 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting for development of fluoroquinolone resistance in a Campylobacter jejuni strain 81116 in chickens using various enrofloxacin treatment protocols

Stapleton¹,

Cawthraw²,

Cooles³

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To determine the effect of various enrofloxacin dose regimes on the colonization and selection of resistance in Campylobacter jejuni strain 81116P in experimentally colonized chickens. Methods and Results: Two experiments were undertaken, in which 14‐day‐old chickens were colonized with 1 × 107–1 × 109 CFU g−1Camp. jejuni strain 81116P and then treated with enrofloxacin at 12–500 ppm in drinking water for various times. Caecal colonization levels were determined at various time‐points after start‐of‐treatment, and the susceptibility of recovered isolates to ciprofloxacin was monitored. Resistance was indicated by growth on agar containing 4 μg ml−1 ciprofloxacin, MICs of 16 μg ml−1 and the Thr86Ile mutation in gyrA. Enrofloxacin at doses of 12–250 ppm reduced Camp. jejuni colonization over the first 48–72 h after start‐of‐treatment. The degree of reduction in colonization was dose, but not treatment time, dependent. In all cases, maximal colonization was re‐established within 4–6 days. Fluoroquinolone‐resistant organisms were recoverable within 48 h of start‐of‐treatment; after a further 24 h all recovered isolates were resistant. In contrast, a dose of 500 ppm enrofloxacin reduced colonization to undetectable levels within 48 h, and the treated birds remained Campylobacter negative throughout the remaining experimental period. By high pressure liquid chromatography, for all doses, the maximum concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the caecal contents were detected at the point of treatment completion. Thereafter, levels declined to undetectable by 7 days post‐treatment withdrawal. Conclusions: In a model using chickens maximally colonized with Camp. jejuni 81116P, treatment with enrofloxacin, at doses of 12–250 ppm in drinking water, enables the selection, and clonal expansion, of fluoroquinolone‐resistant organisms. However, this is preventable by treatment with 500 ppm of enrofloxacin. Significance and impact of the study: Treatment of chickens with enrofloxacin selects for resistance in Camp. jejuni in highly pre‐colonized birds. However, a dose of 500 ppm enrofloxacin prevented the selection of resistant campylobacters.

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EFSA's 12th Scientific Colloquium — Assessing health benefits of controlling Campylobacter in the food chain

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Following an imaginary Campylobacter population from farm to fork and beyond: a bacterial perspective

Following an imaginary Campylobacter population from farm to fork and beyond: a bacterial perspective

Differences in host breed and diet influence colonization by Campylobacter jejuni and induction of local immune responses in chicken

Selecting for development of fluoroquinolone resistance in a Campylobacter jejuni strain 81116 in chickens using various enrofloxacin treatment protocols

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