Eficiência de óleos essenciais para o controle de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae em sementes de cebola e seu efeito na qualidade fisiológica

Abstract

The antracnoses is a disease caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. cepae, one of the major diseases in the culture of onion (Allium cepa L). The main control strategy of this fungus is the chemical fungicide control with this technique used in most crops. It is currently being studied disease control methods that are less harmful to the environment, showing up as a good alternative, the use of essential oils. Given the above, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the direct effect of essential oils of basil, lemongrass, sage, thyme and citronella as an alternative in the fungus control C. gloeosporioides and determine its effect on the physiological quality of onion seeds; evaluate the effect of these on conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides; determine the effectiveness of essential oils in soil infested by the pathogen; determine, through the use of water restriction, the best osmotic potential for inoculation of onion seeds with the pathogen; and finally the effect of these essential oils in onion seed inoculated with C. gloeosporioides. The essential oils of lemongrass and sage not afeitaram the physiological quality of onion seeds, all essential oils promoted inhibition of germination of C. gloeosporioides spores. The essential oils of thyme, lemongrass and citronella, at a concentration of 2,000 ppm, completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus. The essential lemongrass oil and fungicide treatments were more protected seeds of the pathogen reflected in its emergence in soil infested with the pathogen. For seed inoculation with the pathogen, the osmotic potential of -1.0 MPa did not affect seed germination, and contamination with the pathogen greater than the witness. Finally, treatment with the essential oil of lemongrass to 1,000 ppm, generated greater protection in the seeds against the fungus.