EFFY, a new program to compute the couting efficiency of beta particles in liquid scintillators

Garcı́a-Toraño, E.; Malonda, A. Grau

doi:10.1016/0010-4655(85)90057-8

Cited by 102 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The initial electron energies were then sampled at random from the corresponding beta decay spectrum. For that purpose, an adapted version of the EFFY code [23] , which uses the Fermi theory to describe beta decay, was incorporated into the modified penEasy code.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Estimation of Absorbed Dose Distributions Obtained from Heterogeneous 106Ru Eye Plaques

Zaragoza¹,

Eichmann²,

Flühs³

et al. 2017

Ocul Oncol Pathol

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Background: The distribution of the emitter substance in ¹⁰⁶Ru eye plaques is usually assumed to be homogeneous for treatment planning purposes. However, this distribution is never homogeneous, and it widely differs from plaque to plaque due to manufacturing factors. Methods: By Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport, we study the absorbed dose distribution obtained from the specific CCA1364 and CCB1256 ¹⁰⁶Ru plaques, whose actual emitter distributions were measured. The idealized, homogeneous CCA and CCB plaques are also simulated. Results: The largest discrepancy in depth dose distribution observed between the heterogeneous and the homogeneous plaques was 7.9 and 23.7% for the CCA and CCB plaques, respectively. In terms of isodose lines, the line referring to 100% of the reference dose penetrates 0.2 and 1.8 mm deeper in the case of heterogeneous CCA and CCB plaques, respectively, with respect to the homogeneous counterpart. Conclusions: The observed differences in absorbed dose distributions obtained from heterogeneous and homogeneous plaques are clinically irrelevant if the plaques are used with a lateral safety margin of at least 2 mm. However, these differences may be relevant if the plaques are used in eccentric positioning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Estimation of Absorbed Dose Distributions Obtained from Heterogeneous 106Ru Eye Plaques

Zaragoza¹,

Eichmann²,

Flühs³

et al. 2017

Ocul Oncol Pathol

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“…The counting efficiency of the tracer nuclide 3 H was calculated with routines based on the program EFFY4, which is an updated version of EFFY [14]. The modifications of the routines comprise a replacement of the function to compute the ionization quenching (see below) and an increase of the number of energy bins of the electron spectra from 300 to 5000.…”

Section: Ciemat/nist Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The half-life of about 10 5 y allows applications which are complementary to dating techniques using 14 C and 36 Cl. The accuracy of most applications is limited by the large uncertainty of the half-life, and thus more precise half-life determinations are desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity standardization of 41Ca by means of liquid scintillation counting

Kossert¹,

Jörg

Gostomski

2009

Radiochimica Acta

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Liquid scintillation counting according to the CIEMAT/NIST method was used for the activity standardization of 41 Ca. The counting efficiencies were computed with two different atomic rearrangement models (KLM and KL 1 L 2 L 3 M) applying an improved model for the interaction of low-energy X-rays with the scintillation cocktail. This report comprises a detailed description of the determination of nuclear and atomic input data, sample preparation as well as a comprehensive uncertainty analysis.

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“…penEasy was modified in two ways in order to simulate a beta decay spectrum and a heterogenous radiation source. To simulate the beta decay, an adapted version of the EFFY code [27], which uses the Fermi theory to describe the beta decay, was incorporated into the penEasy code. This modification allows to simulate the decay of 106 Rh into 106 Pd through the five disintegrations with the highest yields, i.e., 3.540 MeV (78.6%), 3.050 MeV (8.1%), 2.410 MeV (10.0%), 2.000 MeV (1.77%), and 1.539 MeV (0.46%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma Using Measured Heterogeneous <sup>106</sup>Ru Plaques

et al. 2018

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Background/Aims: Ruthenium plaques are used for the treatment of ocular tumors. The aim of this work is the comparison between simulated absorbed dose distributions tallied in an anthropomorphic phantom, obtained from ideal homogeneous plaques, and real eye plaques in which the actual heterogeneous distribution of ¹⁰⁶Ru was measured. The placement of the plaques with respect to the tumor location was taken into consideration to optimize the effectiveness of the treatment. Methods: The generic CCA and CCB, and the specific CCA1364 and CCB1256 ¹⁰⁶Ru eye plaques were modeled with the Monte Carlo code PENELOPE. To compare the suitability of each treatment for an anterior, equatorial and posterior tumor location, cumulative dose-volume histograms for the tumors and structures at risk were calculated. Results: Eccentric placements of the plaques, taking into account the inhomogeneities of the emitter map, can substantially reduce the dose delivered to structures at risk while maintaining the prescribed dose at the tumor apex. Conclusions: The emitter map distribution of the plaque and the computerized tomography of the patient used in a Monte Carlo simulation allow an accurate determination of the plaque position with respect to the tumor with the potential to reduce the dose to sensitive structures.

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EFFY, a new program to compute the couting efficiency of beta particles in liquid scintillators

Cited by 102 publications

References 6 publications

Monte Carlo Estimation of Absorbed Dose Distributions Obtained from Heterogeneous 106Ru Eye Plaques

Monte Carlo Estimation of Absorbed Dose Distributions Obtained from Heterogeneous 106Ru Eye Plaques

Activity standardization of 41Ca by means of liquid scintillation counting

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma Using Measured Heterogeneous <sup>106</sup>Ru Plaques

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