Effort, symptom validity testing, performance validity testing and traumatic brain injury

Bigler, Erin D.

doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.947627

Cited by 88 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Injuries from mTBI are typically associated with diffuse axonal injury, which are not detected using conventional imaging methods. As a result of a lack of sufficiently sensitive diagnostic methods, brain injury in mTBI is being underestimated and poorly treated [8–10] (e.g., see also review in [11] ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion imaging of mild traumatic brain injury in the impact accelerated rodent model: A pilot study

et al. 2017

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Primary Objective There is a need to understand brain pathologic processes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Previous diffusion MRI studies report axonal injury and edema in the first week after injury in a rodent model. This study aims to investigate the processes occurring one week after injury at time of regeneration and degeneration using dMRI in the impact acceleration rat mTBI model. Research Design Eighteen rats were subjected to impact acceleration injury, and three rats served as sham controls. Seven days post-injury, dMRI was acquired from fixed rat brains using a 7T scanner. Group comparison of Fractional Anisotropy (FA) values between traumatized and sham animals was performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS), a method that we adapted for rats. Main Outcomes and Results TBSS revealed brain white matter regions with increased FA values in the traumatized versus sham rats, localized mainly to the contrecoup region. Regions of increased FA included fiber tracts of the corpus callosum, the anterior commissure, the cerebellar peduncles, the fimbria of the hippocampus, the fornix, the medial forebrain bundle, the optic chiasm, the pyramidal tract, and the spinal trigeminal tract. Conclusion Seven days post-injury, during the period of tissue reparation in the impact acceleration rat model of mTBI, microstructural changes to white matter can be detected using dMRI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion imaging of mild traumatic brain injury in the impact accelerated rodent model: A pilot study

et al. 2017

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“…Bigler 26,27 has noted that at least some PVT failures may be related to neurological deficits, 93–95 , or disruption of brain regions actively engaged during PVT performance (see Bigler 26 for review). For example, performance during the Word Memory Test, a commonly used PVT, initiates activation of fronto-executive neural systems 96,97 which have been linked to structural impairments in both civilians and Veterans with mTBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…73,74 Additionally, the practice of dichotomizing PVT performance may be limiting, as useful information may be gleaned from the evaluation of PVT performance on a continuum. 26,27,98 Clearly, additional research examining these proposed hypotheses—especially in the context of neuroimaging findings—is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Matter Associations With Performance Validity Testing in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: The Utility of Biomarkers in Complicated Assessment

Clark

Sorg

Schiehser

et al. 2016

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

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Objective Failure on performance validity tests (PVTs) is common in Veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), leading to questionable validity of clinical presentations. Participants Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we investigated white matter (WM) integrity and cognition in 79 Veterans with history of mTBI who passed PVTs (n = 43; TBI-Passed), history of mTBI who failed at least one PVT (n = 13; TBI-Failed), and military controls (n = 23; MCs) with no history of TBI. Results The TBI-Failed group demonstrated significantly lower cognitive scores relative to MCs and the TBI-Passed group; however, no such differences were observed between MCs and the TBI-Passed group. On a global measure of WM integrity (i.e., white matter burden), the TBI-Failed group showed more overall WM abnormalities than the other groups. However, no differences were observed between the MCs and TBI-Passed group on white matter burden. Interestingly, regional WM analyses revealed abnormalities in the anterior internal capsule and cingulum of both TBI subgroups relative to MCs. Moreover, compared to the TBI-Passed group, the TBI-Failed group demonstrated significantly decreased WM integrity in the corpus callosum. Conclusions Findings revealed that, within our sample, WM abnormalities are evident in those who fail PVTs. This study adds to the burgeoning PVT literature by suggesting that poor PVT performance does not negate the possibility of underlying WM abnormalities in military personnel with history of mTBI.

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“…To determine how cognitively engaged a patient is in the task during neuropsychological testing, it is required that the patient give their "best effort" and perform most accurately according to their ability level (Bigler, 2014). If a patient does not put forth their best effort, an additional impediment to a neuropsychological assessment's validity becomes malingering.…”

Section: Performance and Symptom Validity Testing In Neuropsychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The validity of the test of memory malingering (TOMM) with deaf individuals

Chovaz

Rennison²,

Chorostecki

2019

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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There has been an increase in the tendency to implement performance validity tests (PVTs) to detect possible malingering in patients during neuropsychological assessments. The Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) is a well-validated PVT amongst hearing populations. A major gap in the literature is the use of the TOMM amongst culturally Deaf individuals who use American Sign Language (ASL). Performance within this population may differ for a few reasons. Firstly, the use of ASL interpreters may affect consistent instruction delivery and receptive comprehension. Secondly, there may be a difference in semantic categorization and retrieval using ASL signs rather than English words. This study recruited 30 (11 male, 19 female) culturally and linguistically Deaf adults aged 21-64 years (M = 45.9, SD = 12.2). Participants were screened for cognitive ability using non-verbal components of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (WASI-II) and using a cognitive screening tool, the Mini Mental State Examination: ASL Version (MMSE:ASL). We found that no participants scored lower than the cutoff score for Trial 2 or the Retention Trial on the TOMM. These results suggest that culturally Deaf individuals who use ASL are able to perform just as adequately on the TOMM as hearing individuals. The TOMM can be considered a valid measure to use with this group of individuals. VALIDITY OF TOMM WITH DEAF INDIVIDUALS 3 Thank you to Dr. Cathy Chovaz for opening my eyes and providing me with a deeper understanding of the Deaf world, as well as the importance of advocating for this group of individuals. For guiding me through the hardships of this project and ensuring the execution of

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Effort, symptom validity testing, performance validity testing and traumatic brain injury

Cited by 88 publications

References 170 publications

Diffusion imaging of mild traumatic brain injury in the impact accelerated rodent model: A pilot study

Diffusion imaging of mild traumatic brain injury in the impact accelerated rodent model: A pilot study

White Matter Associations With Performance Validity Testing in Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: The Utility of Biomarkers in Complicated Assessment

The validity of the test of memory malingering (TOMM) with deaf individuals

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