Effort?reward imbalance at work and job dissatisfaction in Chinese healthcare workers: a validation study

Li, Jian; Yang, Wenjie; Cheng, Yawen; Siegrist, Johannes; Cho, Sung-Il

doi:10.1007/s00420-004-0581-7

Cited by 160 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This latter distinction is important, since a broader approach may be needed to address these issues if they are common features of a hospital or health care system. The ER ratios returned from this study exceed those seen in many recent international studies of health care staff such as those conducted in China, Mongolia, Germany and France, with only Greek health care workers exceeding our values [24,25]. The mean over-commitment scores were similar to those of other European health care and public sector workers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Examining the sources of occupational stress in an emergency department

Basu

Yap

Mason

2016

OCCMED

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Background Previous work has established that health care staff, in particular emergency department (ED) personnel, experience signiicant occupational stress but the underlying stressors have not been well quantiied. Such data inform interventions that can reduce cases of occupational mental illness, burnout, staff turnover and early retirement associated with cumulative stress. AimsTo develop, implement and evaluate a questionnaire examining the origins of occupational stress in the ED. MethodsA questionnaire co-designed by an occupational health practitioner and ED management administered to nursing, medical and support staff in the ED of a large English teaching hospital in 2015.The questionnaire assessed participants' demographic characteristics and perceptions of stress across three dimensions (demand-control-support, effort-reward and organizational justice). Workrelated stressors in ED staff were compared with those of an unmatched control group from the acute ear, nose and throat (ENT) and neurology directorate. ResultsA total of 104 (59%) ED staff returned questionnaires compared to 72 staff (67%) from the acute ENT/neurology directorate. The ED respondents indicated lower levels of job autonomy, management support and involvement in organizational change, but not work demand. High levels of effortreward imbalance and organizational injustice were reported by both groups. ConclusionsOur indings suggest that internal ED interventions to improve workers' job control, increase support from management and involvement in organizational change may reduce work stress. The high levels of effort-reward imbalance and organizational injustice reported by both groups may indicate that wider interventions beyond the ED are also needed to address these issues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Examining the sources of occupational stress in an emergency department

Basu

Yap

Mason

2016

OCCMED

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“…Job stressors were assessed using the Chinese version of the 23-item effort-reward imbalance questionnaire (ERI-Q) developed by Li Jian et al 20) , in accordance with Siegrist's ERI-Q. The ERI-Q consists of three scales termed extrinsic effort representing job demands imposed on the employee (6 items), reward which consists of income, respect, job security and career opportunities (11 items), and overcommitment which defines a set of attitudes, behaviors, and emotions reflecting excessive striving in combination with a strong desire for approval and esteem (6 items).…”

Section: Job Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to this model, an imbalance between high efforts and low rewards, and/or high levels of overcommitment increases the risk of CHD. The Chinese version of the ERI questionnaire has been evaluated and is considered a reliable and valid instrument for measuring psychosocial stress at work in the Chinese working population 20,21) .We have examined the association between the job stressors evaluated by the ERI model and CHD assessed by coronary angiography, and found that ERI may act as a CHD risk factor in the Chinese population 22,23) . However, little is known about the effect of ERI on early atherosclerosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Stress and Carotid Intima‐media Thickness in Chinese Workers

Hang

Cao

et al. 2010

Journal of Occupational Health

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Job Stress and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Chinese Workers: Weixian XU, et al. Department of Cardiology, Peking University ThirdHospital and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, China-Objectives: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) can be used as a surrogate marker for cardiovascular health, and job stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, there have been a limited number of studies focusing on the association between job stress and CIMT. The goal of this study was to explore the association between job stress and CIMT in a Chinese working population. Methods: The study included 734 participants (508 males and 226 females) without coronary heart disease. Job stress was evaluated using the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire at work. ERI is the ratio between efforts and rewards (weighted by number of items). High resolution carotid ultrasonographic studies were performed using a Sequoia 512 ultrasound system with an 8-13 MHz linear array transducer to assess CIMT. Results: This study detected gender-specific associations between the indictors of the ERI model and increased CIMT among the study participants in China. This study demonstrated a robust association in women between the key indicators of ERI, effort, overcommitment and ERI, and increased CIMT (adjusted r 2 =0.258, p=0.001; adjusted r 2 =0.261; p<0.001; adjusted r 2 =0.274; p<0.001, respectively). Reward was inversely correlated with CIMT (adjusted r 2 =0.282, p<0.001), controlling for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and body mass index. For men, a similar pattern of associations was observed, but the associations were lost after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: Our resultsshow that effort, overcommitment and ERI may be associated with early atherosclerosis predicted by CIMT in women, and reward is inversely related to CIMT. (J Occup Health 2010; 52: 257-262)

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“…Such findings would underline the evolutionary old 'grammar' of social exchange that may be rooted in distinct structures of the human brain (Cosmides and Tooby, 1992). Currently, a number of findings from observational studies confirm that effortreward imbalance at work is associated with elevated risks of stress-related disorders in Japanese (Tsutsumi et al, 2001), Chinese (Xu et al, 2004;Li et al, 2005), South Korean (Eum et al, 2007), Thay (Buapetch et al, 2008) and Brazilian (Chor et al, 2007) working populations, thus lending support to the idea that the experience of unfair exchange results in negative emotions and adverse well-being cross-culturally in similar ways. This discovery is of interest in view of the process of economic globalisation and associated trans-national labour market mobility.…”

Section: Brief Summary Of Empirical Evidence On Health-adverse Effectsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Unfair exchange and health: Social bases of stress-related diseases

Siegrist

2009

Soc Theory Health

Self Cite

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In this contribution it is argued that the analysis of exchange characteristics of core social roles in adult life offers a promising approach towards studying the social bases of stress-related diseases. More specifically, the theoretical model of effort-reward imbalance claims that the violation of a core principle of social exchange, reciprocity, elicits sustained stress reactions with adverse long-term effects on health. This model has been extensively tested with regard to the work role, and a brief review of empirical evidence is given, based on findings from prospective epidemiological studies. Taken together, results demonstrate that the risk of incident stress-related disease, such as coronary heart disease or depression, is about twice as high in men and women scoring high on effort-reward imbalance at work compared to non-exposed people. Finally, recent extensions of the theoretical model beyond the work role and beyond health as the main study outcome are discussed, illustrating the utility of this concept for general sociology.

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Effort?reward imbalance at work and job dissatisfaction in Chinese healthcare workers: a validation study

Abstract: Based on the results of this study the Chinese version of the ERI questionnaire is considered a reliable and valid instrument for measuring psychosocial stress at work. It is applicable to Chinese working populations and, in particular, to the healthcare sector.

Cited by 160 publications

References 35 publications

Examining the sources of occupational stress in an emergency department

Examining the sources of occupational stress in an emergency department

Job Stress and Carotid Intima‐media Thickness in Chinese Workers

Unfair exchange and health: Social bases of stress-related diseases

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