Effort beats effectiveness in emotion regulation choice: Differences between suppression and distancing in subjective and physiological measures

Scheffel, Christoph; Graupner, Sven-Thomas; Gärtner, Anne; Zerna, Josephine; Strobel, Alexander; Dörfel, Denise

doi:10.1111/psyp.13908

Cited by 19 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…However, a direct comparison of ER strategies would shed light on whether different strategies require different amounts of cognitive effort, discriminating between distinct effort measures (Steele, 2020 ). Furthermore, the influence of situational factors and individual differences on subjective and physiological cognitive effort during ER is still unclear (Scheffel et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Built to last: Theta and delta changes in resting‐state EEG activity after regulating emotions

et al. 2022

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Background : Over the past years, electroencephalography (EEG) studies focused on task‐related activity to characterize cortical responses associated with emotion regulation (ER), without exploring the possibility that regulating emotions can leave a trace in the brain by affecting its oscillatory activity. Demonstrating whether the effect of regulation alters the brain activity after the session and whether this reflects an increased cognitive regulatory ability has great relevance. Methods : To address this issue, 5 min of electrical brain activity at rest were recorded before and after (1) one session in which participants perceived and regulated (through distancing) their emotions (regulation session, ReS), and (2) another session in which they only perceived emotions (attend session, AtS). One hundred and sixty visual stimuli were presented, and subjective ratings of valence and arousal of stimuli were recorded. Results : Behavioral results showed the efficacy of the regulation strategy in modulating both arousal and valence. A cluster‐based permutation test on EEG data at rest revealed a significant increase in theta and delta activity after the ReS compared to the AtS, suggesting that regulating emotions can alter brain activity after the session. Conclusions : These results allowed us to outline a comprehensive view of the neurophysiological mechanisms associated with ER, as well as some possible implications in psychotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Built to last: Theta and delta changes in resting‐state EEG activity after regulating emotions

et al. 2022

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“…Data had been collected as part of a larger project 101 , which was conducted in line with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the review board of the Dresden University of Technology (EK 286062019). Sessions were held between 9 a.m. and 5:30 p.m.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG microstate analysis of emotion regulation reveals no sequential processing of valence and emotional arousal

Zerna

Strobel

Scheffel

2021

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In electroencephalography (EEG), microstates are distributions of activity across the scalp that persist for several tens of milliseconds before changing into a different pattern. Microstate analysis is a way of utilizing EEG as both temporal and spatial imaging tool, but has rarely been applied to task-based data. This study aimed to conceptually replicate microstate findings of valence and emotional arousal processing and investigate the effects of emotion regulation on microstates, using data of an EEG paradigm with 107 healthy adults who actively viewed emotional pictures, cognitively detached from them, or suppressed facial reactions. Within the first 600 ms after stimulus onset only the comparison of viewing positive and negative pictures yielded significant results, caused by different electrodes depending on the microstate. Since the microstates associated with more and less emotionally arousing pictures did not differ, sequential processing could not be replicated. When extending the analysis to 2000 ms after stimulus onset, differences were exclusive to the comparison of viewing and detaching from negative pictures. Intriguingly, we observed the novel phenomenon of a microstate difference that could not be attributed to single electrodes. This suggests that microstate analysis can detect differences beyond those detected by event-related potential analysis.

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“…Also, pupil dilation decreasing with time can indicate the habituation process. Strauss et al, 2016;Martins et al, 2018;Langer et al, 2021;Scheffel et al, 2021 Activity of specific brain regions Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)…”

Section: Moser Et Al 2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore they can be used as a valuable source of independent and unique information about effort and fatigue effects in ER, alongside changes in ER efficiency itself. These indicators include, for example, a stimulus proceeding negativity (EEG evoked potential, Moser et al, 2017 ), pupil dilation (Strauss et al, 2016 ; Scheffel et al, 2021 ), the activity of particular brain regions detected in fMRI (e.g., Dörfel et al, 2014 ; Ellard et al, 2017 ), as well as fNIRS studies (Lu et al, 2019 ; Azhari et al, 2020 ), but also subjective self-reports of effort and fatigue (Wong et al, 2017 ; Visser et al, 2018 ). Interestingly, digital biomarkers of mental fatigue, like smartphone-based gaze detection, are also being developed (Tseng et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Self-regulation Self-control and Effortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotion Regulation, Effort and Fatigue: Complex Issues Worth Investigating

et al. 2022

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Effort beats effectiveness in emotion regulation choice: Differences between suppression and distancing in subjective and physiological measures

Cited by 19 publications

References 142 publications

Built to last: Theta and delta changes in resting‐state EEG activity after regulating emotions

Built to last: Theta and delta changes in resting‐state EEG activity after regulating emotions

EEG microstate analysis of emotion regulation reveals no sequential processing of valence and emotional arousal

Emotion Regulation, Effort and Fatigue: Complex Issues Worth Investigating

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