Effort analysis of gender differences in cardiovascular response: Further evidence involving a traditionally feminine incentive

Barreto, Patrícia; Wright, Rex A.; Krubinski, Kimberlee; Molzof, Hylton E.; Hur, Jinwoo

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.05.006

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The presented findings do not only replicate preceding research on motivational intensity theory that has demonstrated the joint effect of task difficulty and success importance on effort (Barreto et al 2015;Richter et al 2012;Silvia 2012, for recent examples). The findings are also highly relevant to the research on listening effort.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The Moderating Effect of Success Importance on the Relationship Between Listening Demand and Listening Effort

Richter

2016

Ear &Amp; Hearing

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A common element of the psychophysiological research on listening effort is the focus on listening demand as determinant of effort. The paper discusses preceding studies and theorizing on effort to show that the link between listening demand and listening effort is moderated by various variables. Moreover, I will present a recent study that examined the joint effect of listening demand and success importance on effort-related cardiovascular reactivity in an auditory discrimination task. Results for pre-ejection period reactivity-an indicator of sympathetic activity-supported the hypothesis that the relationship between listening demand and listening effort is moderated by other variables: Pre-ejection period reactivity was higher in the high-demand-high-success-importance condition than in the other three conditions. This new finding as well as the findings of previous research on effort suggest that a broader perspective on the determinants of listening effort is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

The Moderating Effect of Success Importance on the Relationship Between Listening Demand and Listening Effort

Richter

2016

Ear &Amp; Hearing

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“…Influenced by Obrist's (1982) active coping model, research on the psychophysiology of effort has traditionally emphasized autonomic outcomes that reflect the sympathetic branch's beta-adrenergic impact on the heart (Gendolla, Wright, & Richter, 2012). Early work consistently found that systolic blood pressure (SBP) was sensitive to factors important to effort, such as the difficulty of a task and the value of goals and incentives (Wright, 1996), and SBP continues to be prominent (e.g., Silvia, 2012;Barreto, Wright, Krubinski, Molzof, & Hur, 2015).…”

Section: Effort-related Cardiac Sympathetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

RZ Interval as an Impedance Cardiography Indicator of Effort-Related Cardiac Sympathetic Activity

Silvia¹,

McHone²,

Mironovová³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Research on effort and motivation commonly measures how the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system affects the cardiovascular system. The cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP), assessed via impedance cardiography, is a common sympathetic outcome, but assessing PEP requires identifying subtle points on cardiac waveforms. The present research examined the value of the RZ interval (RZ), which has recently been proposed as a measure of sympathetic activity, for effort research. Also known as the initial systolic time interval (ISTI), RZ is the time (in ms) between the ECG R peak and the dZ/dt Z peak. Unlike PEP, RZ involves salient waveform points that are easily and reliably identified. Data from two experiments evaluated the suitability of RZ for effort paradigms and compared it to a popular automated PEP method. Participants completed a standard appetitive task in which each correct response earned a small amount of cash. As expected, incentives significantly affected PEP and RZ in both experiments. PEP and RZ were highly correlated (all rs ≥ .89), and RZ consistently yielded a larger effect size than PEP. A quantitative synthesis of the experiments indicated that the effect size of RZ’s response to incentives (Hedges’s g = .432 [.310, .554]) was roughly 15% larger than PEP’s effect size (g = .376 [.256, .496]). RZ thus appears promising for future research on sympathetic aspects of effort-related cardiac activity.

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“…Article Study Included Disengagement Conditions Barreto, Wong, Estes, & Wright (2012) 1 Women-difficult-task Barreto, Wright, Krubinski, Molzof, & Hur (2015) 1…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence against the primacy of energy conservation: Exerted force in possible and impossible handgrip tasks.

Stanek

Richter

2016

Motivation Science

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Motivational intensity theory predicts that energy investment in goal pursuit is governed by the motivation to conserve resources and that it should consequently be a function of task demand: Trying to avoid wasting resources, individuals should invest only the energy that is required for task success and should disengage if success is impossible. Three experiments tested this hypothesis assessing the force exerted in an isometric handgrip task as indicator of energy investment. The results provided mixed evidence for motivational intensity theory.Supporting the theory, exerted force increased as a function of task demand if task success was possible and was low if success was impossible. However, exerted force exceeded required force in all possible conditions and participants did not disengage if task success was impossible. A meta-analysis of published studies involving disengagement conditions revealed that preceding research on motivational intensity theory also failed to provide support for the disengagement hypothesis. Our findings demonstrate the importance of task demand for energy investment but also challenge the assumption that energy investment is primarily driven by energy conservation concerns.

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Effort analysis of gender differences in cardiovascular response: Further evidence involving a traditionally feminine incentive

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

The Moderating Effect of Success Importance on the Relationship Between Listening Demand and Listening Effort

The Moderating Effect of Success Importance on the Relationship Between Listening Demand and Listening Effort

RZ Interval as an Impedance Cardiography Indicator of Effort-Related Cardiac Sympathetic Activity

Evidence against the primacy of energy conservation: Exerted force in possible and impossible handgrip tasks.

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