Effiiency of the Essential Oil of Porophyllum linaria (Asteraceae) a Mexican Endemic Plant Against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract

The insecticidal and repellent effect of essential oil isolated from fresh leaves of Porophyllum linaria on maize weevil was evaluated, as well as the effect on the grain germination after treated. In total, 28 constituents were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry accounting for 99.86% of whole essential oil. The main majority compounds were β-myrcene (41.94%), D-limonene (20.29%), and estragole (20.03%). Contact toxicity significantly increased with dose and time after treatment. With the 800 ppm (highest concentration), the mortality (%) obtained for the tenth and fifteenth day was 43 and 82%, respectively, whereas with 50 ppm (lowest concentration) 30% mortality was obtained at the end of the experiment (fifteenth day). At 15 d (end of the experiment), the LC50 y LC90 were obtained with values of 329.01 ± 44.35 y 1058.86 ± 117.76 ppm, respectively. For a concentration of 800 ppm, a selection index of zero was obtained, indicating the preference of the pest to the untreated maize (control). The maize grains germination test showed a significant reduction both in the length of hypocotyl and radicle of maize grain. So, in the highest dose, the hypocotyl and radicle length was 1.40 ± 0.34 and 9.14 ± 0.55 cm, respectively, whereas the control group registered 3.28 ± 0.39 and 13.02 ± 0.97 cm, respectively. This finding is promising since as it could result in the identification of botanical substances capable of suppressing maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais development.

Efficiency of Schinus molle Essential Oil against Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

“…Subsequently, the jars were covered with screw caps with holes (2 cm) and a 40 mesh anti aphids net placed in a ventilated place. All adults were removed through sieving after the oviposition period of 14 d and each jar was left undisturbed under laboratory conditions until the F1 progeny emerged, which was used in the experiments [61].…”

“…The experiment was conducted using an apparatus comprising five circular plastic containers, with a central flask connected to the other four containers by plastic cylinders (10-cm long, 1-cm in diameter) on a diagonal [61,[69][70][71]. Containers 1 and 2 were filled with 50 g of maize grain treated with essential oil, and containers 3 and 4 with 50 g of maize grain without treatment application (ethanol control), in container number 5 in the center of the device., 20 adults fasting for 24 h without sexing were released.…”

Mecanismos de resistencia de poblaciones de maíz originarias de México al ataque del picudo Sitophilus zeamais

“…El maíz exhibe una gran biodiversidad, ocupando el tercer lugar en importancia después del trigo Triticum aestivum L. y el arroz Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae), y se emplea como alimento, forraje y materia prima para la industria (Rathna Priya y Manickavasagan, 2021). Su producción se mantiene todo el año, lo que genera condiciones favorables para el desarrollo de plagas y enfermedades, cuya prevalencia es un riesgo potencial para el manejo del cultivo (Hernández-Cruz et al, 2019).…”