“…This is emphasized by the outstanding removal efficiency of 98.37% for methyl orange. Similarly, in contrast to the results of Bagheri et al (2021), 69 where Fe 2 O 3 /MoS 2 nanocomposites were employed for acid blue 113 degradation, achieving a removal efficiency of 99.0%, our study exhibited slightly lower efficacy. Similarly, compared to Van et al (2019), 26 targeting reactive red 24 degradation through iron slag, the present study showed similar effectiveness.…”
“…This is emphasized by the outstanding removal efficiency of 98.37% for methyl orange. Similarly, in contrast to the results of Bagheri et al (2021), 69 where Fe 2 O 3 /MoS 2 nanocomposites were employed for acid blue 113 degradation, achieving a removal efficiency of 99.0%, our study exhibited slightly lower efficacy. Similarly, compared to Van et al (2019), 26 targeting reactive red 24 degradation through iron slag, the present study showed similar effectiveness.…”
“…gradual loss of photocatalytic adsorption sites as a result of blockages caused by OTC and intermediates, Utilization of active oxidizing species by intermediates and Continuous washing and drying reduce the number of active photocatalytic sites are reasons explaining the slight decrease in performing catalyst 44 . Bagheri et al 51 , 92% efficiency in dye degradation reported after eight repetitive cycles of catalyst. Figure 10 Catalyst recycling test in PCO/O 3 process (pH 8.0, DOC = 0.34 mg/l, RT = 60 min, O 3 = 28.7 mN, OTC = 10 mg/l).…”
In this research, we synthesized BiOI/NH2-MIL125(Ti) via solvo-thermal method to investigation of oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation in photocatalytic-ozonation process. The results of the XRD, FESEM, EDAX, FTIR, UV–Vis, TEM, XPS, and BET analyzes indicated that the catalyst BiOI/MOF was synthesized with excellent quality. Design of experiment (DOE), ANOVA statistical analysis, interaction of parameters and predicated optimum condition was done based on CCD. The effect of catalyst dose (0.25–0.5 mg/l), pH (4–8), reaction time (30–60 min) and O3 concentration (20–40 mN) at 10 mg/l of OTC on PCO/O3 process was optimized. Based on P-value and F-value coefficients (0.0001, 450.3 respectively) the model of OTC (F-value = 2451.04) and (P-value = 0.0001) coefficients, the model of COD removal was quadratic model. Under optimum condition pH 8.0, CD = 0.34 mg/l, RT = 56 min and O3 concentration = 28.7 mN, 96.2 and 77.2% of OTC and COD removed, respectively. The reduction of TOC was 64.2% in optimal conditions, which is less than the reduction of COD and OTC. The kinetics of reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetic (R2 = 0.99). Synergistic effect coefficient was 1.31 that indicated ozonation, presence of catalyst and photolysis had a synergistic effect on OTC removal. The stability and reusability of the catalyst in six consecutive operating steps was acceptable and 7% efficiency decreased only. Cations (Mg2+, and Ca2+), SO42− had no influence on performing the process, but other anions, organic scavengers, and nitrogen gas, had an inhibitory effect. Finally, the OTC degradation probably pathway includes direct and indirect oxidation that decarboxylation, hydroxylation, demethylation and were the main mechanism in OTC degradation.
“…The increasing obstruction of photocatalytic adsorption sites by tocilizumab and co-products, the use of active oxidizing species by intermediates, and the ongoing washing and drying processes might all be contributing factors to the small decline in catalyst activity 49 . Bagheri et al 58 observed that after eight iterative cycles of catalyst, there was a 92% efficiency in dye degradation. Figure 10 Test of catalyst recycling in the O 3 -HPCP (pH = 7.0, Catalyst dose = 0.46 mg/l, time = 60 min, O 3 = 32 mMol/l-min, Tocilizumab = 10 mg/l).…”
Following the advent of the coronavirus pandemic, tocilizumab has emerged as a potentially efficacious therapeutic intervention. The utilization of O3-Heterogeneous photocatalytic process (O3-HPCP) as a hybrid advanced oxidation technique has been employed for the degradation of pollutants. The present study employed a solvothermal technique for the synthesis of the BiOI-MOF composite. The utilization of FTIR, FESEM, EDAX, XRD, UV–vis, BET, TEM, and XPS analysis was employed to confirm the exceptional quality of the catalyst. the study employed an experimental design, subsequently followed by the analysis of collected data in order to forecast the most favorable conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of several factors, including reaction time (30–60 min), catalyst dose (0.25–0.5 mg/L), pH levels (4–8), ozone concentration (20–40 mMol/L), and tocilizumab concentration (10–20 mg/L), on the performance of O3-HPCP. The best model was discovered by evaluating the F-value and P-value coefficients, which were found to be 0.0001 and 347.93, respectively. In the given experimental conditions, which include a catalyst dose of 0.46 mg/L, a reaction time of 59 min, a pH of 7.0, and an ozone concentration of 32 mMol/L, the removal efficiencies were found to be 92% for tocilizumab, 79.8% for COD, and 59% for TOC. The obtained R2 value of 0.98 suggests a strong correlation between the observed data and the predicted values, indicating that the reaction rate followed first-order kinetics. The coefficient of synergy for the degradation of tocilizumab was shown to be 1.22. The catalyst exhibited satisfactory outcomes, but with a marginal reduction in efficacy of approximately 3%. The sulfate ion (SO42−) exhibited no influence on process efficiency, whereas the nitrate ion (NO3−) exerted the most significant impact among the anions. The progress of the process was impeded by organic scavengers, with methanol exhibiting the most pronounced influence and sodium azide exerting the least significant impact. The efficacy of pure BiOI and NH2-MIL125 (Ti) was diminished when employed in their pure form state. The energy consumption per unit of degradation, denoted as EEO, was determined to be 161.8 KWh/m3-order.
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