Efficient Utilization of Greenhouse Gases in a Gas-to-Liquids Process Combined with CO<sub>2</sub>/Steam-Mixed Reforming and Fe-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Zhang, Chundong; Jun, Ki‐Won; Ha, Kwang; Lee, Yun-Jo; Kang, Seok Chang

doi:10.1021/es501021u

Cited by 65 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…To illustrate the factors contributing to the CSI and their impact on prototypical fuel production and conversion processes, we investigate the various carbon-containing Feedstock-to-Transport Fuel conversions through the Fischer-Tropsch process, [6,12,25,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43] where the carboncontaining feedstock is first converted into syngas, a mixture of H 2 and CO and subsequently converted into crude synfuel, and further refined to the desired fuel fraction. The entire process sub-units which comprise the complete Well -to-Tank processes have been defined in Fig.…”

Section: The Catalyst Sensitivity Index: a Completementioning

confidence: 99%

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

et al. 2015

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Heterogeneous catalysts are not only a venerable part of our chemical and industrial heritage, but they also occupy a pivotal, central role in the advancement of modern chemistry, chemical processes and chemical technologies. The broad field of catalysis has also emerged as a critical, enabling science and technology in the modern development of ''Green Chemistry'', with the avowed aim of achieving green and sustainable processes. Thus a widely utilized metric, the environmental E factor-characterizing the waste-to-product ratio for a chemical industrial processpermits one to assess the potential deleterious environmental impact of an entire chemical process in terms of excessive solvent usage. As the many (and entirely reasonable) societal pressures grow, requiring chemists and chemical engineers not only to develop manufacturing processes using new sources of energy, but also to decrease the energy/carbon footprint of existing chemical processes, these issues become ever more pressing. On that road to a green and more sustainable future for chemistry and energy, we note that, as far as we are aware, little effort has been directed towards a direct evaluation of the quantitative impacts that advances or improvements in a catalyst's performance or efficiency would have on the overall energy or carbon (CO 2 ) footprint balance and corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of chemical processes and manufacturing technologies. Therefore, this present research was motivated by the premise that the sustainability impact of advances in catalysis science and technology, especially heterogeneous catalysis-the core of large-scale manufacturing processes-must move from a qualitative to a more quantitative form of assessment. This, then, is the exciting challenge of developing a new paradigm for catalysis science which embodies-in a truly quantitative form-its impact on sustainability in chemical, industrial processes. Towards that goal, we present here the concept, definition, design and development of what we term the Catalyst Sensitivity Index (CSI) to provide a measurable index as to how efficiency or performance enhancements of a heterogeneous catalyst will directly impact upon the fossil energy consumption and GHG emissions balance across several prototypical fuel production and conversion technologies, e.g. hydrocarbon fuels synthesized using algae-tobiodiesel, algae-to-jet biofuel, coal-to-liquid and gas-to-liquid processes, together with fuel upgrading processes using fluidized catalytic cracking of heavy oil, hydrocracking of heavy oil and also the production of hydrogen from steam methane reforming. Traditionally, the performance of a catalyst is defined by a combination of its activity or efficiency (its turnover frequency), its selectivity and stability (its turnover number), all of which are direct manifestations of the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the heterogeneous catalyst itself under specific working conditions. We will, of course, retain these definitions of the catalytic process, ...

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Section: The Catalyst Sensitivity Index: a Completementioning

confidence: 99%

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

et al. 2015

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“…However, the gas cleaning, product upgrading and separation units were not investigated in detail in this work, since they are well established in current petrochemical industry and their influence on the process performance is relatively small, as shown in our previous work [4,19]. Therefore, we established two simplified but meaningful process models mainly dealing with the feeding, reforming, F-T synthesis and recycling units combined with several separation sections as a whole, which are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Process Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermodynamic method used in this model is Peng-Robinson equation. In addition, the other details for the process model development can be found in our previous work [19].…”

Section: Process Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on this consideration, we proposed two new CO 2 utilized GTL processes (CUGP) using Fe-based catalyst, converting not only CO but also CO 2 to hydrocarbons in the F-T synthesis unit via RWGS and general F-T reactions. With recycling the unconverted syngas to the reforming and the F-T synthesis units, successfully improved process efficiencies and significantly reduced CO 2 emissions were realized [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, on the basis of our previous technical study [19], in this work, we have mainly analyzed the two proposed CO 2 utilized GTL processes from the techno-economic point of view. The two processes were analyzed in terms of net present value (NPV), discounted payback period (DPBP) and internal rate of return (IRR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient utilization of carbon dioxide in gas-to-liquids process: Process simulation and techno-economic analysis

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Catalytic Biomass Gasification to Syngas Over Highly Dispersed Lanthanum‐Doped Nickel on SBA‐15

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Catalytic biomass gasification is an environmentally benign solution to energy problems. A series of Ni catalysts on mesoporous SBA‐15 are synthesized with various La2O3 loadings. The catalytic activity of unpromoted Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst indicates that it has a high carbon formation rate, resulting in fast deactivation. In contrast, addition of La2O3 to Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst helps to remove deposited carbon by formation of oxycarbonate, resulting in higher CO production. A 1 % La doping in the Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst is sufficient to achieve high activity and stability in biomass gasification with various raw materials and in the steam reforming of toluene as a tar model compound. The combination of small metal particle size, high metal dispersion, high surface area of SBA‐15, the crucial role of La in carbon removal, and the novel synthesis method result in a highly active, stable, and effective 1 % La‐Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst for biomass gasification.

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Efficient Utilization of Greenhouse Gases in a Gas-to-Liquids Process Combined with CO₂/Steam-Mixed Reforming and Fe-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Cited by 65 publications

References 26 publications

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

Efficient utilization of carbon dioxide in gas-to-liquids process: Process simulation and techno-economic analysis

Catalytic Biomass Gasification to Syngas Over Highly Dispersed Lanthanum‐Doped Nickel on SBA‐15

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Efficient Utilization of Greenhouse Gases in a Gas-to-Liquids Process Combined with CO2/Steam-Mixed Reforming and Fe-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis

Cited by 65 publications

References 26 publications

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

The Catalyst Selectivity Index (CSI): A Framework and Metric to Assess the Impact of Catalyst Efficiency Enhancements upon Energy and CO2 Footprints

Efficient utilization of carbon dioxide in gas-to-liquids process: Process simulation and techno-economic analysis

Catalytic Biomass Gasification to Syngas Over Highly Dispersed Lanthanum‐Doped Nickel on SBA‐15

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Product

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Efficient Utilization of Greenhouse Gases in a Gas-to-Liquids Process Combined with CO₂/Steam-Mixed Reforming and Fe-Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis