Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy Applied to the Control of Series/Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

Bellis, Vincenzo De; Malfi, Enrica; Tufano, Daniela; Bozza, Fabio

doi:10.4271/2020-01-1193

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The powertrain is featured by an ultraefficient ICE (labeled as engine 1), two electric motor/generator units (EM and EG), a battery (Ba), three clutches (Cl 1-3 ) and two gearboxes (GB 1-2 ). The main data concerning the vehicle and the powertrain components are collected in Table 1 [20,21]. Due to the presence of three clutches, the powertrain can flexibly switch between series and parallel modes, excluding the mechanical connection with the components which are not used, to minimize the losses.…”

Section: Hev Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy for the Management of a Series/Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

2021

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In recent years, the development of hybrid powertrain allowed to substantially reduce the CO2 and pollutant emissions of vehicles. The optimal management of such power units represents a challenging task since more degrees of freedom are available compared to a conventional pure-thermal engine powertrain. The a priori knowledge of the driving mission allows identifying the actual optimal control strategy at the expense of a quite relevant computational effort. This is realized by the off-line optimization strategies, such as Pontryagin minimum principle—PMP—or dynamic programming. On the other hand, for an on-vehicle application, the driving mission is unknown, and a certain performance degradation must be expected, depending on the degree of simplification and the computational burden of the adopted control strategy. This work is focused on the development of a simplified control strategy, labeled as efficient thermal electric skipping strategy—ETESS, which presents performance similar to off-line strategies, but with a much-reduced computational effort. This is based on the alternative vehicle driving by either thermal engine or electric unit (no power-split between the power units). The ETESS is tested in a “backward-facing” vehicle simulator referring to a segment C car, fitted with a hybrid series-parallel powertrain. The reliability of the method is verified along different driving cycles, sizing, and efficiency of the power unit components and assessed with conventional control strategies. The outcomes put into evidence that ETESS gives fuel consumption close to PMP strategy, with the advantage of a drastically reduced computational time. The ETESS is extended to an online implementation by introducing an adaptative factor, resulting in performance similar to the well-assessed equivalent consumption minimization strategy, preserving the computational effort.

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Section: Hev Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy for the Management of a Series/Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

2021

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“…Then, the numerical RB calibration procedure is illustrated and verified against the results of a multi-purpose optimizer. Finally, the energy management strategy developed by the authors is summarized [21] and the vehicle simulation outcomes are shown. In order to quantify the potential benefit of this HEV combined with this high-efficiency engine, the vehicle emissions are also compared against the current regulation limits (Euro 6d) and the CO 2 European targets.…”

Section: Engine Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vehicle simulations were carried out by a "in-house developed" software, implemented in Fortran language (UniNa Vehicle Simulation-UNVS) [21]. It is based on a "backward-facing" (quasi-static) method [39].…”

Section: Simulation Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vehicle control strategy here adopted, if compared to the well assessed strategies (namely Pontryagin minimum principle [41], dynamic programming [42] or ECMS [43]), is designed to be simplified. The conventional power-split logics, typical of the abovementioned strategies, is substituted with an alternative utilization of the thermal and electric units for the vehicle driving (Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy-ETESS [21]). The basic concept behind ETESS is an alternate use of the electric units and thermal engine so to fulfill the power demand at the vehicle wheels.…”

Section: Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The choice between the two modes depends, at each time, on the comparison between the effective fuel rate of the thermal engine needed to fully satisfy the power demand at the vehicle wheels, and an equivalent fuel rate related to a pure electric driving of the vehicle. The ETESS is featured by a much-reduced computational effort if compared to most common optimization strategies, leading to similar performance in terms of kilometric consumption and emission [21]. The results shown in the next section were obtained by the off-line variant of the ETESS, where the control is tuned to realize the battery energy balance between the beginning and the end of the driving mission [44].…”

Section: Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal Calibration Strategy of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Equipped with an Ultra-Lean Pre-Chamber SI Engine for the Minimization of CO2 and Pollutant Emissions

et al. 2020

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The complexity of modern hybrid powertrains poses new challenges for the optimal control concerning, on one hand, the thermal engine to maximize its efficiency, and, on the other hand, the vehicle to minimize the noxious emissions and CO2. In this context, the engine calibration has to be conducted by considering simultaneously the powertrain management, the vehicle characteristics, and the driving mission. In this work, a calibration methodology for a two-stage boosted ultra-lean pre-chamber spark ignition (SI) engine is proposed, aiming at minimizing its CO2 and pollutant emissions. The engine features a flexible variable valve timing (VVT) control of the valves and an E-compressor, coupled in series to a turbocharger, to guarantee an adequate boost level needed for ultra-lean operation. The engine is simulated in a refined 1D model. A simplified methodology, based on a network of proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers, is presented for the calibration over the whole operating domain. Two calibration variants are proposed and compared, characterized by different fuel and electric consumptions: the first one aims to exclusively maximize the brake thermal efficiency, and the second one additionally considers the electric energy absorbed by the E-compressor and drained from the battery. After a verification against the outcomes of an automatic optimizer, the calibration strategies are assessed based on pollutant and CO2 emissions along representative driving cycles by vehicle simulations. The results highlight slightly lower CO2 emissions with the calibration approach that minimizes the E-compressor consumption, thus revealing the importance of considering the engine calibration phase, the powertrain management, the vehicle characteristics, and its mission.

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Assessment of an Adaptive Efficient Thermal/Electric Skipping Control Strategy for the Management of a Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2022

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In the current scenario, where environmental concern determines the evolution of passenger cars, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) represent a hub in the automotive sector to reach net-zero CO2 emissions. To fully exploit the energy conversion potential of advanced powertrains, proper energy management strategies are mandatory. In this work, a simulation study is presented, aiming at developing a new control strategy for a P3 parallel plug-in HEV (PHEV). The simulation model is built on MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed strategy is based on an alternative utilization of the thermal engine and electric motor to provide the vehicle power demand (efficient thermal/electric skipping strategy (ETESS)). An adaptive function is then introduced to develop a charge-blended control strategy. Fuel consumption along different driving cycles is evaluated by applying the novel adaptive-ETESS (A-ETESS). To have a proper comparison, the same adaptive function is built on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). Processor-in-the-loop (PIL) simulations are performed to benchmark the A-ETESS. Simulation results highlighted that the proposed strategy provides for a fuel economy similar to ECMS (worse of about 2.5% on average) and a computational effort reduced by 99% on average, opening the possibility of real-time on-vehicle applications.

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Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy Applied to the Control of Series/Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Development of an Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy for the Management of a Series/Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

Development of an Efficient Thermal Electric Skipping Strategy for the Management of a Series/Parallel Hybrid Powertrain

Optimal Calibration Strategy of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Equipped with an Ultra-Lean Pre-Chamber SI Engine for the Minimization of CO2 and Pollutant Emissions

Assessment of an Adaptive Efficient Thermal/Electric Skipping Control Strategy for the Management of a Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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