Efficient tetanus toxoid immunization on vitamin D supplementation

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Vitamin D mediates immunomodulatory functions, and its deficiency has been associated with an increased prevalence of immunological diseases. The supplementation of vitamin D might be therapeutically beneficial, for example, in lupus erythematosus patients. However, its affect on established recall immune responses is undefined. Subjects/Methods: In all, 32 individuals were randomized in a placebo controlled, double-blind setting, and received vitamin D (daily 2000 IU) for 10 weeks followed by tetanus toxoid (TT) booster immunization. Results: During vitamin D supplementation the median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum concentration increased to 80.3 nM, which as expected decreased in the placebo group to 29.1 nM during the ultraviolet-deprived winter months. The TT-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) boost efficiency was marginal higher in the vitamin D group (P ¼ 0.04). The increase of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels correlated with the increase of TT-IgG serum concentrations. The induction of specific serum IgA and specific antibody secreting cells was comparable between both groups. Accordingly, the TT-specific and polyclonally triggered T-cell cytokine profiles were stable as well. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation was successful and booster immunization induced efficiently specific antibodies titers.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor and retinoid X receptor alpha genes and response to hepatitis B vaccination in renal replacement therapy patients

“…Some studies reported a lack of influence of serum VD concentrations [17,18] or VD supplementation [19,20] in response to immunization for influenza, whereas other authors reported that prostate cancer patients with higher 25(OH)D levels had higher response rates to the flu vaccine [21]. A significantly enhanced response was found to tetanus vaccination after 25(OH)D supplementation [22] or bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunization after vitamin A and D supplementation [23]. Furthermore, a study on HD patients suggested that 1,25(OH) 2 D supplementation may enhance response to flu vaccination, particularly when administered intravenously [24].…”

“Let there be light”: the role of vitamin D in the immune response to vaccines

“…Thirty-two healthy adults who had last received tetanus/diphtheria immunization at least five years prior, and were due to receive a booster immunization, were enrolled in a double-blind intervention study in Germany [67]. Twenty subjects were randomized to receive oral vitamin D supplementation (daily 2000 IU vitamin D3) for a period of nine weeks, and the rest received placebo (neutral oil) for the same duration.…”

“…TT-specific IgG increased in both groups following booster immunization, and this was slightly higher in the vitamin D group (p=0.04). There was also a positive correlation between an increase in 25-(OH) D level following the supplementation period and change in anti-tetanus-IgG following vaccination (r=0.351, p=0.042) [67]. The immunogenicity and efficacy of tetanus toxoid vaccine in preventing tetanus is high across most age groups; however, adults with chronic renal failure have been noted to have lower antitoxin levels after tetanus toxoid vaccination than healthy controls [68-70].…”

Impact of vitamin D administration on immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in previously unvaccinated children

“…Zitt et al found that VD deficiency was associated with a poor response to active hepatitis B immunisation in adult patients with chronic kidney disease, 8 whereas Heine et al found that the induction of specific tetanus toxoid immunoglobulin after booster immunisation was significantly greater in adults receiving VD supplementation than in untreated controls. 9 The results of studies of influenza vaccine are equally conflicting. Chadha et al found as vitamin D (VD) has a significant regulatory effect on innate and adaptive immunity, the aim of this prospective, randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study was to measure the impact of VD administration on the immune response to trivalent influenza vaccination (TIV).…”