Efficient testing of motor function in spinal cord injured rats

Metz, Gerlinde A. S.; Merkler, Doron; Dietz, Volker; Schwab, Martin E.; Fouad, Karim

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02778-5

Cited by 274 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The BBB scale provides a scoring between 0 and 21 to evaluate the functional, sensitive and motor responses, and it is very sensible to little modifications in the locomotor function of the rats. However, Metz et al 32 verified that the definitions and criteria for the determination of the motor capacity by the observers vary considerably. The authors argue that BBB should be combined to other tools in the evaluation of function after SCI, in order that the results from different laboratories can be compared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

et al. 2013

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Study design: Experimental, controlled, animal study. Objectives: To evaluate the influences of antidepressant treatment, treadmill gait training and a combination of these therapies in rats with experimental, acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Brazil. Methods: 48 Wistar rats were given standardized SCI; rats were then randomly assigned to four treatment groups: (1) motor rehabilitation therapy for 1 hour daily (gait training); (2) daily treatment with the antidepressant, fluoxetine (0.3 ml per 100 g intraperitoneally), beginning 24 h after the trauma; (3) combined fluoxetine treatment and gait training, or (4) untreated (controls). Neurological recovery was tested with the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scale at 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 ,35 and 42 days after injury. Moreover, on day 42, all rats underwent a motor-evoked potential test (MEP); then, after euthanasia, histopathological evaluation was conducted in the area of SCI. Results: Based on the BBB scale, the combined treatment group showed significantly greater improvement compared with the other three groups, from the 14th to the 42nd day of observation. The MEP revealed that all treated groups showed significant improvement compared with the control group (Po0.02 for latency and Po0.01 for amplitude). Conclusion: Our results indicated that a combination of antidepressant and treadmill gait training was superior to either treatment alone for improving functional deficits in rats with experimental, acute SCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

et al. 2013

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“…In addition, by systematically determining the maximum amount of load that an animal can bear and still step successfully, weight-support ability can be quantified [11]. Detailed kinematic features of hindlimb end-point movements, such as step length and height, swing and stance duration, and swing velocity can be obtained readily, and show potential for objective, quantitative impairment, and outcome assessment [1], [2], [12]. However, measurement of individual joint angles is not possible with the rat stepper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robotic device for studying rodent locomotion after spinal cord injury

Nessler

Timoszyk

Merlo

et al. 2005

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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“…Furthermore, the grid-walking apparatus test was performed to evaluate motor coordination, which depends on descending motor control and ascending flow of proprioceptive and tactile information. 21,22 These animals showed a low number of foot fall errors (3±1). Similar results were obtained in sham animals (Supplementary Figure S3).…”

Section: Gal-1 Promotes Locomotor Function Recovery After Scimentioning

confidence: 94%

Glycan-dependent binding of galectin-1 to neuropilin-1 promotes axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury

et al. 2014

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Following spinal cord injury (SCI), semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) prevents axonal regeneration through binding to the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1)/PlexinA4 receptor complex. Here, we show that galectin-1 (Gal-1), an endogenous glycan-binding protein, selectively bound to the NRP-1/PlexinA4 receptor complex in injured neurons through a glycan-dependent mechanism, interrupts the Sema3A pathway and contributes to axonal regeneration and locomotor recovery after SCI. Although both Gal-1 and its monomeric variant contribute to de-activation of microglia, only high concentrations of wild-type Gal-1 (which co-exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium) bind to the NRP-1/PlexinA4 receptor complex and promote axonal regeneration. Our results show that Gal-1, mainly in its dimeric form, promotes functional recovery of spinal lesions by interfering with inhibitory signals triggered by Sema3A binding to NRP-1/PlexinA4 complex, supporting the use of this lectin for the treatment of SCI patients.

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Efficient testing of motor function in spinal cord injured rats

Cited by 274 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

Effects of antidepressant and treadmill gait training on recovery from spinal cord injury in rats

A robotic device for studying rodent locomotion after spinal cord injury

Glycan-dependent binding of galectin-1 to neuropilin-1 promotes axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury

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