“…6 The dye, in both kinds of DSSCs, must have certain features for efficient performance, essentially a broad and strong absorption in the visible and near-red spectrum, chemical stability and appropriate redox potentials of the HOMO and LUMO states for the charge injection and recombination process to be successful. 19 Novel dyes have been studied to increase cell efficiency; for n-type DSSCs, sensitizers such as triphenylamine, [20][21][22] heterocyclic azo, 23 indoline, 24 triarylamine, 25 carbazole, 21,26 dithienylpyrazine, 27 coumarin, [28][29][30] porphyrins [31][32][33] and quinoline 34 -based dyes while for p-type DSSCs, coumarin, [35][36][37][38] porphyrin, 39,40 tryarilamine, 41 perylenediimide, 42,43 isoindigo, 44 squaraine, 45 arylamine 46 and carbazole 47,48 -based dyes have been utilized.…”