Efficient Synthesis of Nanoscale Cadmium Azide from Intercalated Cadmium Hydroxide for Nanoexplosive Applications

Abstract

Due to its good sensitivity, detonation ability, and high-temperature resistance, cadmium azide is expected to be applied to microinitiating systems. Here we demonstrate an effective synthetic methodology (GAF-IH) to prepare nanoscale cadmium azide. A nanoscale mesoporous configuration is designed to construct azide precursor utilizing controlled self-assembly of inorganic and organic molecules followed by in situ carbonization crystallization. The nanoscale porous precursors can react with HN 3 gas to form nanoscale cadmium azide composites (CdA/SA and CdA/C) in just 3 h, which takes much less time than traditional preparation methods of cadmium azide. The organic molecules and their carbonized skeletons can act as the carriers of nanoscale cadmium compounds to avoid agglomeration, as supporting materials for building HN 3 azide gas channels, and as functional components in the nanoscale cadmium azide composites to influence their performance. CdA/ C prepared by this route has favorable comprehensive properties, which not only has a high content of CdA (93.8%), indicating excellent detonation performance (t ID < 10 μs), but also has good high-temperature resistance (T p = 365 °C) and low electrostatic sensitivity (E 50 = 1.76 J). Thanks to its nanoscale characteristics and outstanding performance, CdA/C has the potential to replace CA and modified CA in the application of microinitiating devices.

Cd/Cd(OH)2 Nanosheets Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Activity of CO2 Reduction to CO

“…[28] The weight loss (~10 %) of Cd/ Cd(OH) 2 nanosheets in the range of 180-280 °C belongs to the dehydration of Cd(OH) 2 in Cd/Cd(OH) 2 nanosheets to generate CdO. [19] This result is consistent with XPS results, confirming the existence of Cd(OH) 2 . In Figure S2, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was also measured to further verify the introduction of OH groups in Cd/Cd(OH) 2 nanosheets.…”

“…[29] The absorption band centered at ~1400 cm À 1 can be attributed to the stretching vibration of NO 3 À , suggesting NO 3 À anions came from Cd(NO) 2 • 4H 2 O should be implanted to the interlamellar region of Cd/Cd(OH) 2 nanosheets. [19] The absorption bands below 1000 cm À 1 can be assigned to CdÀ O (~750 cm À 1 ) [30] and CdÀ OÀ H (~860 cm À 1 ) [29] stretching vibrations, implying the formation of Cd(OH) 2 and a slight oxidation of superficial Cd species in Cd/Cd(OH) 2 nanosheets. The above results demonstrate that OH groups were successfully introduced into Cd nanosheets through an in-situ hydrolysis process, resulting in the formation of Cd/Cd(OH) 2 nanosheets.…”

“…Meanwhile, it can also be observed that the composition of electrolytes has a great influence on the performance of CO 2 reduction [18] . Considering the advantages of ionic liquids as a kind of environment‐friendly solvents, such as high ionic conductivity, strong capture ability of CO 2 , and wide electrochemical windows, [19] designing the ionic liquid‐based electrolyte can effectively improve the performance of CO 2 reduction [20] . In addition, we also found Cd‐based nanomaterials in ionic liquid‐based electrolyte exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity of CO 2 reduction [15b,21] …”

Construction of High Energy Nanoscale Lead Azide Composite with Improved Flame Sensibility from Intercalated Hydroxide

“…The FT-IR spectrum of LA is shown in Figure 6e, and the typical azide asymmetric stretching vibration peaks and symmetric stretching vibrations appear around 2025, 2002, and 1397, 1321 cm −1 , further proving that LA was successfully synthesized. 34 The TG−DTG curve of LA (Figure 6f) reveals that LA has three decomposition stages at around 247, 399, and 420 °C, and the decomposition is complete at 450 °C, with a total weight loss of about 27.2%, which is very close to the theoretical weight loss of LA (28.9%), indicating the transition from Pb(OH) 2 to LA. As revealed in Figure S11, compared with traditional LA, LA shows three exothermic peaks with different degrees of advance, which may be related to the nanoscale effect of LA.…”

“…Besides, nanoscale hydroxides also provide a class of precursors for the direct synthesis of nanoscale azide composites without carbonization. In our early stage, copper azide and cadmium azide complexes were synthesized using intercalated hydroxides as precursors. , However, the electrostatic sensitivity of the copper azide composite was still high ( E 50 = 1.06 mJ), and its heat resistance was poor ( T P < 205 °C). The flame sensitivity H 50 value of the cadmium azide composite was only 8 cm, still inferior to that of regular lead azide.…”