Efficient synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea with lanthanum oxide as a solid base catalyst

Wang, Liguo; Ma, Yubo; Wang, Ying; Liu, Shimin; Deng, Youquan

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2011.05.027

Cited by 164 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On the contrary, La 2 O 3 commercially obtained has exhibited much inferior catalytic activity. The different catalytic activities could be ascribed to the different surface properties between the prepared and commercial La 2 O 3 , which are sensitive to its preparation method and precursors [18,19]. Clearly, the preparation method has an important impact on the surface basicity of La 2 O 3 , which is strongly correlating with the catalytic activity.…”

Section: Catalyst Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from urea and ethanol over lanthanum oxide as a heterogeneous basic catalyst

Xin

Wang

et al. 2014

Fuel Processing Technology

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Section: Catalyst Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Lanthanum as a light rare earth element is abundant in natural storage, and it could be used as an inexpensive catalyst component compared to other rare earth elements. Lanthanum oxide is usually used as a basic catalyst [18,19], or co-catalyst [20,21] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from urea and ethanol over lanthanum oxide as a heterogeneous basic catalyst

Xin

Wang

et al. 2014

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…Among the several catalytic systems reported for this reaction, homogeneous catalysts include the salts of Mn, Zn and Zr [13,[22][23][24][25], while heterogeneous systems include Zn-hydrotalcite [25], Co 3 O 4 /ZnO [26], solid base like La 2 O 3 etc. [27]. It is exceptional that Hammond et al reported noble metal like Au supported on MgO but with glycerol conversion of 88% and a much lower selectivity of 56% to GC [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonylation of glycerol with urea to glycerol carbonate over supported Zn catalysts

et al. 2017

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Glycerol carbonylation with urea is a very feasible option to produce glycerol carbonate with a net result of CO 2 fixation through urea synthesis. The prerequisite of an efficient catalyst for this reaction is to possess both acid and basic sites together. Several acidic supports were screened for ZnO catalyst in this work and Zn/MCM-41 was found to exhibit the best activity and almost complete selectivity to glycerol carbonate (GC). Although, non-catalytic glycerol carbonylation resulted in GC formation but glycerol conversion achieved was twice with Zn/MCM-41 as a catalyst. Further to that increase in Zn loading from 2 to 5% resulted in increase in glycerol conversion from 63 to 82%. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, NH 3 and CO 2 -TPD and effects of reaction parameters such as catalyst loading, glycerol to urea mole ratio and temperature on glycerol conversion and GC selectivity in batch mode of operation were also studied. Time on stream activity of 5% Zn/MCM-41 catalyst for continuous carbonylation of glycerol was also studied for *100 h with an average conversion of *55% and complete selectivity to GC. This indicated five times lower productivity of GC per h due to lower residence time than that in a batch operation as compared to that of a continuous operation. Activation energy estimated from the Arrhenius plot was found to be 39.82 kJ mol -1 suggesting that the reaction is kinetically controlled. A reaction pathway mediated by acid and basic sites of the Zn/MCM-41 catalyst is also proposed.

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“…Hysteresis loop in nano La10Al4O21 may due to tensile strength effect [24]. [26]. Lewis acidity depends on the existence of exposed metal cations at the surface [27].…”

Section: ) Surface Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Phase Benzylation of O-Xylene on Nano Mesoporous Lanthanum Aluminates

Moothedan¹

2018

IJRASET

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Nano lanthanum aluminates synthesized by sol-gel method were used for the liquid phase benzylation of o-xylene (oXyl) with benzyl chloride (BC) in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure. Lanthanum aluminates were characterized in depth by Differential thermo gravimetric analysis (DTG), Differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 sorpometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperatureprogrammed desorption using CO2/NH3 (CO2-TPD/NH3-TPD) and temperature-programmed reduction using H2 (H2-TPR) in order to relate its performances to the chemical and textural characteristics. Nano La10Al4O21 was detected for lower aluminum precursor concentration and stable nano mesoporous LaAlO3 becomes the major phase as the concentration increases. The band gap of LaAlO3 and La10Al4O21 was estimated from ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry. Ac conductivity and dielectric measurement of lanthanum aluminates were also performed. The effect of catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time and o-Xyl/BC molar ratio on benzylation of o-Xyl was studied over stable nano mesoporous LaAlO3 and was extended to nano La10Al4O21 at the optimized conditions. LaAlO3 showed 92% and La10Al4O21 showed 51% BC conversion at the following reaction conditions (catalyst to BC (w/w) = 0.1, o-Xyl/BC molar ratio =1:1, 433K, 2h, 1 atm). The acidity and mesoporous structure of LaAlO3 appeared to be responsible for its good performance. Increase in catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time enhances the conversion of BC, whereas it decreases with the increase in o-Xyl/BC molar ratio. The Friedel-Crafts (FC) benzylation reaction mechanism involves the formation of an electrophile (C6H5CH2 + ) over an acidic lanthanum aluminate catalyst which attacks the O-Xyl ring resulting in the formation of 3,4 -dimethyl diphenyl methane.

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Efficient synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea with lanthanum oxide as a solid base catalyst

Cited by 164 publications

References 14 publications

Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from urea and ethanol over lanthanum oxide as a heterogeneous basic catalyst

Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from urea and ethanol over lanthanum oxide as a heterogeneous basic catalyst

Carbonylation of glycerol with urea to glycerol carbonate over supported Zn catalysts

Liquid Phase Benzylation of O-Xylene on Nano Mesoporous Lanthanum Aluminates

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