Efficient synthesis of C₁₅fuel precursor by heterogeneously catalyzed aldol-condensation of furfural with cyclopentanone

Abstract

A high-quality biofuel precursor was highly yielded by heterogeneously catalyzed aldol-condensation of furfural with cyclopentanone.

Optimization of the process conditions for minimizing the deactivation in the furfural-cyclopentanone aldol condensation in a continuous reactor

“…These advantages have promoted the development of several works proposing the furfural-CPO system as a good alternative for obtaining long-chain carbon products [21,[27][28][29][30]. As we have discussed in our previous work, CPO self-condensation kinetic is significantly slower than the acetone's one, whereas the cross-condensation with furfural is strongly activated (kinetics 300 times faster than with acetone), obtaining complete conversion and higher selectivities, even working at milder conditions (overall yield to the products of 77 % after 4 h of reaction at 303 K) [21].…”

Bio‐Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High‐Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels

“…Recently, Zhao and coworkers reported the use of the solid base KF/γ-Al 2 O 3 for the coupling of cyclopentanone and furfural. [54] Use of a heterogeneous solid allowed for simple removal and recycling of the catalyst. The activity sequence of the investigated catalysts was: KF/γ-Al 2 O 3 > CaO > MgAlÀ HT > CoAlÀ HT > MgO > MgOÀ ZrO 2 .…”

“…Recently, Zhao and coworkers reported the use of the solid base KF/γ‐Al 2 O 3 for the coupling of cyclopentanone and furfural [54] . Use of a heterogeneous solid allowed for simple removal and recycling of the catalyst.…”

Synthesis of Jet Fuel Range Cycloalkanes with Cyclopentanone and Furfural

“…To get high-density cyclic hydrocarbons, branched monocycloalkanes, polycycloalkanes, and p -xylene have been synthesized by C–C coupling reactions (such as hydroalkylation/alkylation, , aldol condensation, − oligomerization, Guerbet reactions, , Diels–Alder addition, Michael addition, and Robinson annulation) and subsequent HDO. For example, cyclopentanone was converted to polycycloalkanes by aldol self-condensation followed by HDO. , Some branched monocycloalkanes were obtained through aldol condensation of furfural/5-hydroxymethylfurfural and cyclopentanone, ,− hydroxyalkylation/alkylation of 2-methylfuran with cyclopentanone/cyclohexanone, then followed by HDO. Actually, furfural is considered to be one of the key platform molecules derived from lignocellulose and had been already used as feedstocks for the production of fuels and chemicals in many cases .…”