Efficient, stable formamidinium-cesium perovskite solar cells and minimodules enabled by crystallization regulation

Simultaneous achievement of defect passivation and carrier transport promotion by using emerald salt for methylammonium-free perovskite solar cells

“…Recently, a dual-functional additive (iBA-iBDTC) with organic ammonium cation and dithiocarbamate anion was employed to regulate the crystallization and defect of the FA-Cs perovskite films. A certified champion PCE of 23.7% has been achieved with the use of iBA-iBDTC, which is the highest efficiency for MA-free PSCs reported to date 39 . Nonetheless, the above additives are featured with insulating nature, which possibly endow the resultant perovskite films with unsatisfied conductivity, making a disadvantage to cell performance.…”

Fabrication and Modification Strategies of Metal Halide Perovskite Absorbers

“…Benefiting from the Cs and MDACl 2 doping, the PCE of PSCs was further improved to over 25% (24.4% certified efficiency) [40]. Moreover, metallic cation additives, such as K + , Sn 2+ , Al 3+ and Ag + , and ammonium halide additives, such as NH 4 I, butylammonium iodide (BAI) and dimethylammonium iodide (DMAI), can also be applied to modulate the nucleation to improve the perovskite film quality [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77].…”

Ionogel-perovskite matrix enabling highly efficient and stable flexible solar cells towards fully-R2R fabrication

“…Great efforts have been made in composition engineering to optimize both the electric and mechanical properties of flexible PSCs. Benefiting from the special defect tolerance properties of perovskites, abundant functional groups have been introduced in the additive molecules to integrate a passivating effect to reduce various types of trap densities through chemical bonds, [10][11][12] hydrogen bonds, 13,14 dipole interactions, [15][16][17] etc. However, small molecules usually have high diffusion coefficients and might alter the heterointerface electrons and charge carrier dynamics, 18 making them unfavorable for the long-term operational stability of PSCs.…”