Efficient separation of the orbital angular momentum eigenstates of light

Mirhosseini, Mohammad; Malik, Mehul; Shi, Zhimin; Boyd, Robert W.

doi:10.1038/ncomms3781

Cited by 411 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In that case the waveguides or a fibre groove array could replace the multiple slits. Furthermore, it has been shown recently that the MS works for up to 50 states 32 and that the MS can be improved to reduce the overlap between neighbouring modes 27 . These improvements in MS design suggest that our approach can be readily extended to higher qudit entanglement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the overlap if the interface is used for sorting 18 , we find an average overlap of 17±8% between the closest neighbouring modes, 5±4% between the second closest neighbours and 0.7 ± 0.6% between the third closest neighbouring modes. Note that this performance might be improved by a recently introduced version of the MS scheme 27 .…”

Section: Generation Of Oam Modes With a Ms In Reversementioning

confidence: 99%

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Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

et al. 2014

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Photonics has become a mature field of quantum information science, where integrated optical circuits offer a way to scale the complexity of the set-up as well as the dimensionality of the quantum state. On photonic chips, paths are the natural way to encode information. To distribute those high-dimensional quantum states over large distances, transverse spatial modes, like orbital angular momentum possessing Laguerre Gauss modes, are favourable as flying information carriers. Here we demonstrate a quantum interface between these two vibrant photonic fields. We create three-dimensional path entanglement between two photons in a nonlinear crystal and use a mode sorter as the quantum interface to transfer the entanglement to the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom. Thus our results show a flexible way to create high-dimensional spatial mode entanglement. Moreover, they pave the way to implement broad complex quantum networks where high-dimensionally entangled states could be distributed over distant photonic chips.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generation Of Oam Modes With a Ms In Reversementioning

confidence: 99%

Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

et al. 2014

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“…Another technique developed for OAM detection is known as the beam transformation approach. 25,26 The donut-shaped OAM beam is transformed into a line shaped beam and can be focused onto spots distributed laterally depending on their topological charge. However, limited by the irregular shaped focal spots and small separation angles, this technique requires photodiode arrays to detect the separated OAM states, which is not compatible with the conventional optical communication system using single mode fiber collection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive individual orbital angular momentum channels for multiplexing enabled by Dammann gratings

et al. 2015

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Data transmission rates in optical communication systems are approaching the limits of conventional multiplexing methods. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) in optical vortex beams offers a new degree of freedom and the potential to increase the capacity of free-space optical communication systems, with OAM beams acting as information carriers for OAM division multiplexing (OAM-DM). We demonstrate independent collinear OAM channel generation, transmission and simultaneous detection using Dammann optical vortex gratings (DOVGs). We achieve 80/160 Tbit s 21 capacity with uniform power distributions along all channels, with 1600 individually modulated quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK)/16-QAM data channels multiplexed by 10 OAM states, 80 wavelengths and two polarizations. DOVG-enabled OAM multiplexing technology removes the bottleneck of massive OAM state parallel detection and offers an opportunity to raise optical communication systems capacity to Pbit s 21 level.

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“…In a recent experiment, quantum entanglement was demonstrated between states differing by 600 in their value of OAM [11]. The full characterization of a quantum state in the Hilbert space of OAM poses a serious experimental challenge.A large body of previous research has enabled efficient and accurate projective measurements of light's OAM [8,[12][13][14][15][16]. Quantum mechanically, a pure state in the Hilbert space of OAM is described by a discrete state vector.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large body of previous research has enabled efficient and accurate projective measurements of light's OAM [8,[12][13][14][15][16]. Quantum mechanically, a pure state in the Hilbert space of OAM is described by a discrete state vector.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wigner Distribution of Twisted Photons

et al. 2016

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We present the first experimental characterization of the azimuthal Wigner distribution of a photon. Our protocol fully characterizes the transverse structure of a photon in conjugate bases of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and azimuthal angle (ANG). We provide a test of our protocol by characterizing pure superpositions and incoherent mixtures of OAM modes in a seven-dimensional space. The time required for performing measurements in our scheme scales only linearly with the dimension size of the state under investigation. This time scaling makes our technique suitable for quantum information applications involving a large number of OAM states.Ever since its introduction in 1932 [1], the Wigner distribution has been widely applied in different fields of study ranging from statistical mechanics, and optics [2] in physics to more applied fields such as electrical engineering and even seismology [3]. In physics, the Wigner distribution has been utilized to bring the machinery of phase-space statistical mechanics into study of quantum physics [4]. Wigner distribution provides a comprehensive characterization of the system, and as a quasiprobability distribution the negativity of the Wigner distribution signals a wave-like behavior [5,6].The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of single photons has lately been identified as a valuable platform for realizing multilevel quantum systems [7,8]. The discrete nature of OAM makes it attractive for encoding quantum [9] and classical information [10]. The ongoing research suggests that there is no fundamental limit to the maximum value of OAM that a photon can carry. In a recent experiment, quantum entanglement was demonstrated between states differing by 600 in their value of OAM [11]. The full characterization of a quantum state in the Hilbert space of OAM poses a serious experimental challenge.A large body of previous research has enabled efficient and accurate projective measurements of light's OAM [8,[12][13][14][15][16]. Quantum mechanically, a pure state in the Hilbert space of OAM is described by a discrete state vector. Thus, the probability distribution provided by projective measurements along with the knowledge of relative phase between the different OAM components found by interferometry adequately described a pure state [17]. Nevertheless, pure states are only a restricted set of physical states, because the vast majority of conceivable states are mixed states [18]. The most general description of a quantum state requires knowledge of its density matrix, which can be found through use of standard quantum state tomography [19,20]. However, quantum state tomography in the OAM basis requires the capability to perform projective measurements on arbitrary superpositions of two or more OAM eigenstates [21], a task that remains challenging due to technical limitations such as variations in the efficiency of measuring different OAM modes and the cross-talk between neighboring modes [22].In this article, we propose and demonstrate a method for obtaining the Wigner distributio...

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Efficient separation of the orbital angular momentum eigenstates of light

Cited by 411 publications

References 33 publications

Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

Interface between path and orbital angular momentum entanglement for high-dimensional photonic quantum information

Massive individual orbital angular momentum channels for multiplexing enabled by Dammann gratings

Wigner Distribution of Twisted Photons

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