Efficient sample preparation method based on solvent-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction for the trace detection of butachlor in urine and waste water samples

Abstract

In this work, an efficient sample preparation method termed solvent-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction was applied. The used sample preparation method was based on the dispersion of the sorbent (benzophenone) into the aqueous sample to maximize the interaction surface. In this approach, the dispersion of the sorbent at a very low milligram level was achieved by inserting a solution of the sorbent and disperser solvent into the aqueous sample. The cloudy solution created from the dispersion of the sorbent in the bulk aqueous sample. After pre-concentration of the butachlor, the cloudy solution was centrifuged and butachlor in the sediment phase dissolved in ethanol and determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Under the optimized conditions (solution pH = 7.0, sorbent: benzophenone, 2%, disperser solvent: ethanol, 500 μL, centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 3 min), the method detection limit for butachlor was 2, 3 and 3 μg/L for distilled water, waste water, and urine sample, respectively. Furthermore, the preconcentration factor was 198.8, 175.0, and 174.2 in distilled water, waste water, and urine sample, respectively. Solvent-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction was successfully used for the trace monitoring of butachlor in urine and waste water samples.

Determination of a metabolite of nifursol in foodstuffs of animal origin by liquid–liquid extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…Sample purification methods included LLE [30][31][32][33], and SPE [34][35][36][37]. Considering that SPE is more expensive than LLE, we used LLE for sample purification.…”

Development of a simple and fast method named solvent‐assisted dispersive solid phase extraction for trace detection of triazole fungicides in water, fruit, vegetable, and agricultural soil samples

“…After completion of the extraction process, the sorbent could be isolated with either a magnetic field or through centrifugation, analytes were subsequently desorbed from the sorbent into a solvent for analysis [27,28]. Moreover, SA-DSPE was utilized to quantify butachlor and diazinon in water and urine samples [29,30] To expand the application of SA-DSPE, benzil was exploited as a new sorbent for the extraction of TFs for the first time. The extraction capitalized upon the ππ, hydrophobic, and semi-H-bond interactions between targeted analytes and benzil.…”

Determination of diazinon in water and food samples using magnetic solid‐phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography

“…Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (D-µ-SPE) using magnetic sorbents as a simple version of SPE has been used to determine various analytes such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and organic contaminants from different matrices [38][39][40][41]. In dispersive magnetic SPE, the sorbent is dispersed by agitation techniques such as vortex or sonication in the sample solution.…”