Efficient reversible data hiding in encrypted images

Zhang, Xinpeng; Qian, Zhenxing; Feng, Guorui; Ren, Yanli

doi:10.1016/j.jvcir.2013.11.001

Cited by 150 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Embedding capacities of some images are listed in Table 1. We compare the proposed method to the methods in [9]~ [11]. Results show that the proposed method largely improves the embedding capacity.…”

Section: Data Extraction and Image Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Method [11] (bits) Lena 1024 1024 8650 14284 42 Man 655 1024 6554 46557 57 Lake 655 1024 3408 14828 19 Baboon 256 334 1966 13056 31 Some features of the proposed method are also compared to the methods [9]~ [12], and the results are shown in Table 2. The proposed method is separable for data extraction and image recovery, the same as the methods [11] and [12].…”

Section: Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed method is separable for data extraction and image recovery, the same as the methods [11] and [12]. Errors may happen in the recovered image depending on the block size when using the methods [9] and [10], while the proposed method can perfectly recover the original image on the receiver side. Another important feature in Table 2 is whether the RDH method needs pre-processing for reserving embedding room for data hiding in encrypted image.…”

Section: Imagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [9], Zhang divides the encrypted image into blocks, and embeds one bit into each block by flipping 3 LSBs of the half of the pixels in the block. Hong et al [10] provided an improved version of Zhang's method, by exploiting the correlation of the border of neighboring blocks, and using the side-match scheme to achieve a lower error rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original image can be perfectly recovered using the embedding key and the encryption key, and can be approximately recovered if only the encryption key is available. Compared to the existing RDH methods for encrypted images, the proposed method largely improves the embedding capacity than the methods in [9]~ [11], and requires no room-reserving operation like [12] for the senders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Separable Reversible Data hiding in Encrypted Images by n-nary Histogram Modification

Qian

Han²,

Zhang³

2013

Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Multimedia Technology(ICMT-13)

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Abstract. This work proposes a novel scheme of separable reversible data hiding for encrypted image using histogram modification. After the original image is encrypted by the sender, the data-hider embeds the secret message into the encrypted image by a histogram modification and n-nary data hiding scheme. On the receiver side, the secret message can be extracted by the embedding key, and the original image can be totally recovered using both the embedding key and the encryption key. If the embedding key is unavailable for the receiver, the original image can still be approximately recovered using the encryption-key. This separable method does not require the sender to reserve embedding room by himself, and can perfectly recover the original image. Compared to the existing reversible data hiding methods for encrypted images, the proposed method largely improves the embedding capacity.Keywords: Reversible data hiding. Information hiding. Image recovery IntroductionReversible data hiding (RDH) is a technique that embeds secret data into the cover, like military or medical images, by slightly modifying the data of the cover; and on the receiver side, the original image can be losslessly recovered [1,2]. Many RDH methods have been proposed for digital images, such as the general RDH framework by redundancy compression [3], the difference expansion (DE) method [4], the histogram shifting (HS) method [5], and so on [6][7][8]. Traditionally, these methods are useful for embedding data into the images that are open to the data-hider. However, in some scenarios, the owner of the cover is unwilling to show the information of the original image to the data-hider. For example, to protect the patient's privacy, content of the medical image might be unavailable for the technician who embeds the information into the medical image. These applica-1 Z. Qian ()

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Section: Data Extraction and Image Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%