“…On the other hand, the less effective bands are represented by less intense and narrow peaks, which have minor impacts on adsorption. This can appear in the characteristic bands at 3429, 3379, and 3419 cm −1 related to the stretching of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in SA, A. terreus powder, and A. terreus /SA-20% composite beads, respectively [ 60 , 61 ]. More specifically, the intensified and broader hydroxyl band at 3419 cm −1 in A. terreus /SA-20% composite beads is produced from the combination of its counterpart bands at 3429 and 3379 in SA and A. terreus powder, respectively.…”
Fungi were used as one of the most common bioremediation methods. From this perspective, our study highlights the optimization of Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye adsorption performance for the sodium alginate (SA) by using the fungus Aspergillus terreus (A. terreus) to form a composite bead and the possibility of its reusability. This was accomplished by mixing SA with different ratios of biomass powder of A. terreus, including 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, to form composite beads of A. terreus/SA-0%, A. terreus/SA-10%, A. terreus/SA-20%, A. terreus/SA-30%, and A. terreus/SA-40%, respectively. The ARS adsorption characteristics of these composite mixtures were analyzed at various mass ratios, temperatures, pH values, and initial concentrations. Moreover, sophisticated techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to detect the morphological and chemical properties of this composite, respectively. The experimental results revealed that A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads have the highest adsorption capacity of 188 mg/g. Its optimum adsorption conditions were achieved at 45 ∘C and pH 3. Moreover, the ARS adsorption was well explained by the Langmuir isotherm (qm = 192.30 mg/g) and pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics. The SEM and FTIR findings corroborated the superior uptake of A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads. Lastly, the A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads can be employed as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to other common adsorbents for ARS.
“…On the other hand, the less effective bands are represented by less intense and narrow peaks, which have minor impacts on adsorption. This can appear in the characteristic bands at 3429, 3379, and 3419 cm −1 related to the stretching of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in SA, A. terreus powder, and A. terreus /SA-20% composite beads, respectively [ 60 , 61 ]. More specifically, the intensified and broader hydroxyl band at 3419 cm −1 in A. terreus /SA-20% composite beads is produced from the combination of its counterpart bands at 3429 and 3379 in SA and A. terreus powder, respectively.…”
Fungi were used as one of the most common bioremediation methods. From this perspective, our study highlights the optimization of Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye adsorption performance for the sodium alginate (SA) by using the fungus Aspergillus terreus (A. terreus) to form a composite bead and the possibility of its reusability. This was accomplished by mixing SA with different ratios of biomass powder of A. terreus, including 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, to form composite beads of A. terreus/SA-0%, A. terreus/SA-10%, A. terreus/SA-20%, A. terreus/SA-30%, and A. terreus/SA-40%, respectively. The ARS adsorption characteristics of these composite mixtures were analyzed at various mass ratios, temperatures, pH values, and initial concentrations. Moreover, sophisticated techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were employed to detect the morphological and chemical properties of this composite, respectively. The experimental results revealed that A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads have the highest adsorption capacity of 188 mg/g. Its optimum adsorption conditions were achieved at 45 ∘C and pH 3. Moreover, the ARS adsorption was well explained by the Langmuir isotherm (qm = 192.30 mg/g) and pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion kinetics. The SEM and FTIR findings corroborated the superior uptake of A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads. Lastly, the A. terreus/SA-20% composite beads can be employed as an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative to other common adsorbents for ARS.
“…5-6). [56,57] On the other hand, hexagonal ZSCS-5 possessed more S v than the cubic ZSCS-1. The accompanied S v could capture more photogenerated electrons, effectively inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.…”
Ternary metal sulfides (TMSs) solid solutions have been regarded as ideal semiconductors in various photocatalytic reactions due to their outstanding redox reversibility, high electron conductivity, and great stability. In this work, a series of Zn 0.1 Sn 0.1 Cd 0.8 S x (ZSCS) solid solutions were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and applied in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). The Cr(VI) reduction efficiency of ZSCS-5 quickly reached nearly 100% within 3 min under visible light irradiation. The controlling of sulfur content in ZSCS induced the transformation of cubic to hexagonal CdS, regulating the energy band structure and sulfur vacancy (S V ) content, both of which further influenced the redox properties of ZSCS samples. The more negative conduction band position and more sulfur vacancies contributed to the enhanced photocatalytic reduction performance of ZSCS-5 toward Cr(VI). The active species e À , h + , O 2 *À and 1 O 2 were all involved and h + played a pivotal role in the photocatalytic reaction. This work provided an excellent photocatalyst for reduction of Cr(VI) and strongly confirmed the regulation of energy band structure and sulfur vacancies in photocatalysts through controlling the precursor content.
“…The spectrum of Cr2p can be divided into two groups of peaks (Fig. 7b), Cr(III) 2p 3/2 (576.5 eV), Cr(III) 2p 1/2 (586.5 eV) and Cr(VI) 2p 3/2 (581.9 eV) eV), Cr(VI) 2p 1/2 (590.8 eV); 25,26 the proportion of Cr(VI) decreased from 100% before adsorption to 14.6% after adsorption, indicating that during the electrosorption process, 85.4% of Cr(VI) is reduced to the less toxic Cr(III). The high-resolution spectral analysis of the electrode materials before and after adsorption showed that Mo3d can be divided into two groups of peaks (Fig.…”
Section: Adsorption and Desorption Of Cr(vi) In Simulated Wastewatermentioning
Cr (VI) in wastewater poses a serious threat to human health, so there is an urgent need to remove it using a cost-effective way. Herein, we report a composite electrode...
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