Efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent Lithium-ion batteries by pyrite method with hydrometallurgy process

Su, Fanyun; Zhou, Xiangyang; Liu, Xiaojian; Yang, Juan; Tang, Jingjing; Yang, Wan; Li, Zhenxiao; Wang, Hui; Ma, Yayun

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.140914

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For the fitting results of the Fe 2p XPS spectrum (Figure b), Fe existed in the form of Fe(II)–S (706.98), jarosite state Fe(III)–SO 4 (711.78 eV), Fe(III) (711.78 eV), and Fe(III) (719.70 eV) in the raw EMR, , and the percentage of these forms in EMR accounted for 1.85, 58.29, 23.71, and 16.15% of the total manganese content, respectively (Table S3). With the addition of pyrite, the amount of Fe(II)–S species increased to 10.90% and this content would decreased to 1.09% after the ball milling process at 500 rpm due to the high speed of rotation promoting mechanochemical reactions . This result meant that most pyrite was fully scattered at the high speed of ball milling, reacting to form higher valence sulfur and its compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the addition of pyrite, the amount of Fe(II)−S species increased to 10.90% and this content would decreased to 1.09% after the ball milling process at 500 rpm due to the high speed of rotation promoting mechanochemical reactions. 52 This result meant that most pyrite was fully scattered at the high speed of ball milling, reacting to form higher valence sulfur and its compounds.…”

Section: Morphology and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Pyrite-assisted Mechanochemical Recovery of Insoluble Manganese from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Kinetics and Mechanisms

Xiang,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

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Numerous traditional methods have been applied to extracting manganese from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR). However, most of them focused on the recovery of water-soluble manganese from EMR, while insoluble manganese, whose content is usually high in EMR, was generally ignored. Herein, the recovery of insoluble manganese in EMR was systematically investigated by a natural pyrite-assisted mechanochemical method. The recovery efficiency of insoluble manganese exceeded 86%, and the leaching efficiency of iron was lower than 1% under optimal conditions (the pyrite/EMR mass ratio of 4% and mechanochemical treatment at 300–500 rpm for 120 min). Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure experiments showed that after treatment the leaching concentration of manganese decreased by more than 12 times, and ammonia nitrogen decreased by 27 times, which met the regulatory discharge limit (GB/T 8978-1996). Tescan integrated mineral analyzer analysis directly confirmed that the insoluble Mn(IV) in treated EMR was completely reduced to soluble Mn(II), and iron was solidified in the forms of Fe–S-(Si–Al–O) and pyrrhotite. A potential mechanism could be that the insoluble manganese encapsulated in EMR matrix was exposed to the particle surface by the mechanochemical reaction; whereafter, the redox reaction between pyrite and insoluble Mn(IV) was facilitated by the generated crystal defects and surfaces with dangling bonds under mechanochemical action. This study provides a direction for the resource utilization of insoluble Mn(IV) in EMR and also expands the theoretical basis for exploring the reduction mechanism of pyrite-assisted mechanochemical method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphology and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Pyrite-assisted Mechanochemical Recovery of Insoluble Manganese from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Kinetics and Mechanisms

Xiang,

Yang,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

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“…The appearance of the wavenumber around 1000 cm −1 in the ball-milled material was attributed on the one hand to the stretching vibration of the S−S bond in FeS 2 and on the other hand to the organic groups adsorbed on the surface of the spent NCM powder, such as C−H, C−O−C, etc. 73 The XPS spectroscopy of untreated spent NCM powder and FeS 2 has been presented in our previous study, 64,74 whereas the XPS results of the samples after ball milling are revealed in Figure S2. In comparison, the ball milling process did not allow significant chemical reactions between the two raw materials because the dominant valence states of Ni, Co, and Mn were still +2, +3, and +4, 75−77 respectively, whereas the two elements in pyrite also maintained their lowest valence states and were highly reducible.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Preferential Lithium Extraction 321 Physical Pr...mentioning

confidence: 92%

High-Efficiency Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Powder via Synergistic Treatment of Mechanochemical Activation and Oxidation Roasting

Su,

Zhou,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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With the increasing demand for lithium, the improvement of lithium recovery efficiency from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become a popular topic to meet both resource and environmental requirements. Here, by using pyrite as a novel reducing agent, more than 99.9% of lithium can be preferentially and selectively extracted into weakly alkaline solutions after the synergistic treatment of mechanochemical activation (MA) and oxidation roasting (OR). Mechanochemical activation can impart a very high reactivity to the mixture of cathode powder and pyrite, which facilitates the subsequent oxidative roasting and selective recovery of lithium. Many physical properties of ball-milled powder have been investigated to characterize its superiority, and the thermodynamic behavior of the roasting process has also been explored to clarify the specific reaction course. Of particular importance, the environmental implications and economics of the overall process have been explained in detail to show that the whole recovery process is promising.

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“…Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), when oxidised to O 2 , is one of the most commonly used reducing agents. 12,13 However, this reagent has been shown to be a hazardous chemical and to cause fluctuation in leaching efficiency. 12 Therefore, a mineral-reducing agent such as pyrite has been tested as an alternative process for metal recovery from LiBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Therefore, a mineral-reducing agent such as pyrite has been tested as an alternative process for metal recovery from LiBs. Su et al 13 prove that the maximum leaching efficiencies for Ni, Co, Mn and Li of 98-99.9% can be achieved with a iron disulfide (FeS 2 ) dosage ratio of 1:0.8.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small‐scale and scale‐up bioleaching of Li, Co, Ni and Mn from spent lithium‐ion batteries

Panda,

Dembele,

Mishra

et al. 2024

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDA bioleaching process could offer the advantage of higher metal recovery in a sustainable manner even from LIB samples with very low metal concentrations. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the use of secondary resources such as LIBs for various purposes including transportation, large scale energy storage and use in portable devices.RESULTSThe adaptation of the mixed culture acidophilic microorganism to LIB allowed the setting of 0.5% of the pulp density. The maximum metal dissolution by bioleaching in the 1L bioreactor for the as‐received and thermally treated samples was found to be Li (67% & 49%), Co (81% & 86%), Ni (99% & 87%) and Mn (86% & 75%). Similarly, on the 10L scale, the dissolutions observed were: Li (80% & 67%), Co (75%), Ni (91% & 88%), Mn (63% & 75%) for the as‐received and heat‐treated samples respectively.CONCLUSIONParameters such as particle size, leaching time, pH and Fe2+ affect the efficiency of acidophilic bioleaching of Li, Co, Ni and Mn from spent lithium‐ion batteries.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent Lithium-ion batteries by pyrite method with hydrometallurgy process

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Natural Pyrite-assisted Mechanochemical Recovery of Insoluble Manganese from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Kinetics and Mechanisms

Natural Pyrite-assisted Mechanochemical Recovery of Insoluble Manganese from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Kinetics and Mechanisms

High-Efficiency Preferential Extraction of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Powder via Synergistic Treatment of Mechanochemical Activation and Oxidation Roasting

Small‐scale and scale‐up bioleaching of Li, Co, Ni and Mn from spent lithium‐ion batteries

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