“…These direct inversion approaches are related to applying the adjoint of the forward operator to the measurements [16]. Back-projection (delay-and-sum), filtered back-projection, Kirchhoff migration methods, and their variants can be given as examples of this class of methods, in addition to the Fourier-based alternative techniques such as range migration and phase shift migration to accelerate the direct inversion process [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. These traditional methods generally have low computational complexity but they suffer from reconstruction artifacts when observations are noisy and/or limited (as acquired with sparse MIMO arrays).…”