Efficient radially polarized laser beam generation with a double interferometer

Tidwell, S. C.; Kim, Gerald H.; Kimura, W. D.

doi:10.1364/ao.32.005222

Cited by 185 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Both curves have been determined using the method presented in [20], which is appropriate for transmissive twisted-nematic modulators. nm and M (2) nm are required to encode each complex value, C nm .…”

Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Let C nm be the complex value to be coded at position (n, m). If C nm does not belong to the modulation curve M, it can be written as C nm = M (1) nm −E (1) nm and C nm = M (2) nm −E (2) nm where M (1) nm and M (2) nm are points on M (see Fig. 2(a) for details).…”

Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2(b). Using this pixel arrangement, the optical Fourier transforms of M (1) nm and M (2) nm are reconstructed on-axis whereas the undesired terms E 1 nm and E 2 nm are diffracted off-axis; to remove their contribution, a spatial filter is placed at the back focal plane of lens L 1 . Finally, the desired distribution is reconstructed on-axis at the back focal plane of lens L 2 (CCD plane).…”

Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the desired distribution is reconstructed on-axis at the back focal plane of lens L 2 (CCD plane). Figure 3 shows all the possible values for C nm that can be obtained as a combination of two points M (1) nm and M (2) nm that belong to the modulation curves. Blue and red dots indicate the points of the complex plane that can be accessed by SLM 1 or SLM 2 , respectively.…”

Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While early studies mainly dealt with spatially homogeneous polarization states, in recent years interest in arbitrary spatially-variant polarized beams (ASPBs) has increased significantly due to their special properties compared to homogeneously polarized beams, which can thereby enhance the functionality of optical systems. Nevertheless, the generation of ASPBs can be a difficult task; while static techniques do not allow dynamic encoding of ASPB patterns [2][3][4][5], a solution can be found using spatial light modulators (SLMs) which can be considered as reconfigurable phase retarder devices controlled by computer [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reconfigurable beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane

Maluenda¹,

Juvells²,

Martı́nez-Herrero³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Methods for generating beams with arbitrary polarization based on the use of liquid crystal displays have recently attracted interest from a wide range of sources. In this paper we present a technique for generating beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane using a Mach-Zehnder setup. The transverse components of the incident beam are processed independently by means of spatial light modulators placed in each path of the interferometer. The modulators display computer generated holograms designed to dynamically encode any amplitude value and polarization state for each point of the wavefront in a given plane. The steps required to design such beams are described in detail. Several beams performing different polarization and intensity landscapes have been experimentally implemented. The results obtained demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique to tailor the amplitude and polarization of the beam simultaneously.

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Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Codification Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reconfigurable beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane

Maluenda¹,

Juvells²,

Martı́nez-Herrero³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Laser Superdiffraction Optical Needle Direct Writing Lithography Method for Single‐Exposure Fabrication of High‐Aspect‐Ratio Microstructures

Wang

Zhang²,

Tian

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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In this paper, a laser superdiffraction optical needle direct writing lithography method for single‐exposure fabrication of high‐aspect‐ratio microstructures (HARMs) is proposed. The principles of 3/4 circular image focusing and lithography exposure are theoretically analyzed, and the experimental setup is built. Experiments show that the linear interval and focusing accuracy of this method can reach 60 and 0.1 µm, respectively. Compared with the circular image focusing method, this method can determine the direction of defocus through the opening direction of the 3/4 circular spot. In addition, an optical needle with a resolution of 0.308 µm, a depth of focus of 1.836 µm, and an aspect ratio of 5.9538 is achieved by tightly focusing a radially polarized beam modulated by an annular amplitude type modulator with an annular factor of 0.7. Using this optical needle as the direct writing head, the HARM with a line width of 0.22 µm, a depth of 1.76 µm, and an aspect ratio of 8 is obtained experimentally by adjusting the photolithographic process parameters in combination with the focus detection curve. This method has the advantages of high fabrication efficiency, super diffraction resolution and high‐aspect‐ratio, which provides a new research idea for the fabrication of HARMs.

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All‐Dielectric Metasurface for Manipulating the Superpositions of Orbital Angular Momentum via Spin‐Decoupling

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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Vortex beam has attracted much attention for carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). It has a helical phase structure described by exp (ilθ) and an annular intensity distribution, where l is the topological charge corresponding to the OAM of each photon, and θ is the azimuth angle. [1] Vortex beam is widely used in OAM communications, [2,3] optical tweezers, [4] and quantum information coding. [5,6] In particular, the superposition of OAM states is very significant in metrology, [7,8] quantum science, [6,9] and OAM communications. The superposition of high-order OAM modes can be used for ultra-sensitive angle measurement. [8] In Bose-Einstein condensate, multiple OAM states can also be used to generate arbitrary superpositions of atomic rotation states. [10] Vortex beam carrying OAM has shown promising prospects in increasing the data capacity of communication systems, because multiple orthogonal modes can be transmitted at the same frequency in a single communication channel simultaneously.As we all know, photons carry two different kinds of angular momentums, namely spin angular momentum (SAM) and OAM. [11] The SAM represents the polarization state of light, and the OAM is related to the spatial distribution of light. [1,12] Although mode conversion, [13] holograms, [14] spiral phase plates, [15] and spiral zone plates [16][17][18] can be used to generate vortex beam, they usually do not involve the interaction between SAM and OAM. [19] Different from the above, the geometric phase elements can establish a connection between SAM and OAM, but only two conjugate vortex states can be output. Devlin presented a method realizing arbitrary spin-to-OAM conversion, overcoming this limitation mentioned above. [20] In addition, when the paraxial beam is tightly focused, a strong longitudinal component will be generated in the focal area. [21] It is demonstrated that, in a highly focused system, a circularly polarized beam partly transfers its incident SAM to OAM and a helical phase in the longitudinal component of the electric field can be generated. [22] Due to their potential breakthroughs in optical manipulation, metasurfaces have attracted widespread attention in the scientific community. [23,24] Metasurfaces have been widely used in many applications, such as lenses, [25,26] spin Hall effect, [27] holograms, [28] and vortex generators. [29][30][31][32][33] In order to further Vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), have plenty of applications ranging from particle manipulation to high-capacity data transmissions. In particular, the superpositions of OAM patterns are significant in classical physics and quantum science. The flexible control of spin angular momentum (SAM) to OAM can provide more freedom for the design of multifunctional devices. Here, a kind of dielectric metasurface is proposed that generates polarization-controllable superpositions of OAM patterns in the terahertz (THz) band, which is achieved by the interleaving of anisotropic and isotropic meta-atoms. The conversions of arbitrary S...

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Efficient radially polarized laser beam generation with a double interferometer

Cited by 185 publications

References 5 publications

Reconfigurable beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane

Reconfigurable beams with arbitrary polarization and shape distributions at a given plane

Laser Superdiffraction Optical Needle Direct Writing Lithography Method for Single‐Exposure Fabrication of High‐Aspect‐Ratio Microstructures

All‐Dielectric Metasurface for Manipulating the Superpositions of Orbital Angular Momentum via Spin‐Decoupling

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