Efficient Quantum Private Comparison Based on Entanglement Swapping of Bell States

Huang, Xi; Zhang, Shibin; Chang, Yan; Hou, Min; Cheng, Wen

doi:10.1007/s10773-021-04915-9

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…[15], noting its susceptibility to intercept-resend attacks and emphasizing the need for improvements. Afterward, several QPC protocols were proposed using different quantum states as carriers of quantum information, such as single photons [17], Bell states [18,19], multi-qubit entangled states [20][21][22][23][24], and multi-qubit cluster states [25][26][27][28]. In addition, Ye [29] proposed a QPC protocol using cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), which requires two-atom product states as carriers of quantum information, and one two-atom product state can be utilized to perform the equality comparison of 1 bit in each round.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-photon-based quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem

Hou,

2024

Front. Phys.

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The socialist millionaires' problem, emanating from the millionaires’ problem, allows two millionaires to determine whether they happen to be equally rich while remaining their riches undisclosed to each other. Most of the current quantum solutions to the socialist millionaires’ problem have lower efficiency and are theoretically feasible. In this paper, we introduce a practical quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem based on single photons, which can be easily implemented and manipulated with current technology. Our protocol necessitates the involvement of a semi-honest third party (TP) responsible for preparing the single-photon sequences and transmitting them to Alice who performs Identity or Hadamard operations on the received quantum sequences via her private inputs and the secret keys, producing new quantum sequences that are subsequently sent to Bob. Similarly, Bob encodes his private inputs into the received quantum sequences to produce new quantum sequences, which are then sent to TP. By conducting single-particle measurements on the quantum sequences received from Bob, TP can ascertain the equality of private inputs between Alice and Bob, and subsequently communicate the comparison result to them. To assess the feasibility, the proposed protocol is simulated on IBM Quantum Cloud Platform. Furthermore, security analysis demonstrates that our protocol can withstand attacks from outsiders, such as eavesdroppers, and from insider participants attempting to grab the private input of another participant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-photon-based quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem

Hou,

2024

Front. Phys.

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“…in any way, is one of the most striking manifestations of the quantum-mechanical nonlocal characteristic [5]. Besides being of fundamental interest, this process has applications [3,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in complex entanglement manipulation and quantum communication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement swapping under global noise environment

Kong¹,

Zhao²,

Ji³

2023

Laser Phys. Lett.

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We investigate the entanglement swapping under phase damping global noise and amplitude damping global noise. The two qubits the intermediate user holds during the entanglement swapping process first suffer from a global noise before the Bell measurement is carried out. Based on this assumption, the influence of global phase damping noise and global amplitude damping noise on the output entanglement of entanglement swapping is investigated, respectively. Our findings imply that the output entanglement is completely independent of the phase damping global noise and determined by the input entanglement when entanglement swapping is performed in a global phase damping noise environment. In addition, when entanglement swapping is executed in an amplitude damping environment, the output entanglement oscillates periodically with time, and the output entanglement may disappear at some points and reappear at others. In this case, we need not only to improve the input entanglement but also to control the evolution time of the amplitude damping global noise to ensure the optimal output entanglement. Our findings may help experimentalists to avoid and utilize environmental noise in entanglement swapping.

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“…Its primary goal is to determine the equality of confidential values among participants while preserving the secrecy of the information. The groundbreaking QPC protocol introduced by Yang and Wen [ 18 ] has greatly facilitated various QPC protocols that utilize different quantum states as resources, including protocols based on single photons [ 19 ], Bell states [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], GHZ states [ 23 , 24 ], and multi-particle entangled states [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], among others. However, it is always necessary to perform the protocol several times when comparing the secret information of multiple participants when using two-party QPC protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Party Quantum Private Comparison Based on Bell States

Jian

Guo

2023

Entropy

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Multi-party quantum private comparison (MQPC) assumes responsibility for overseeing the flow of data and communication among diverse entities, wherein it boasts powerful security capabilities that have garnered substantial attention. Most current MQPC protocols rely on difficult-to-prepare quantum states and are inefficient in their use of resources. In this paper, we propose a novel MQPC protocol without entanglement swapping, thereby building upon the assumption of an ideal channel. This protocol is based on Bell states, which simplifies implementation and addresses the challenges associated with using complex quantum states; it also enables the comparison of secret information by having a trusted party prepare and transmit encoded quantum sequences to participants, thereby facilitating efficient equality comparison among all parties. Our MQPC protocol showcased remarkable efficiency in comparison to existing protocols for quantum private comparison. Furthermore, the incorporation of decoy photon and shared key technologies made external and internal attacks ineffective, thereby ensuring the utmost security and integrity of the protocol.

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Efficient Quantum Private Comparison Based on Entanglement Swapping of Bell States

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Single-photon-based quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem

Single-photon-based quantum secure protocol for the socialist millionaires’ problem

Entanglement swapping under global noise environment

Multi-Party Quantum Private Comparison Based on Bell States

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