Efficient Q-Switched Miniature ${\rm Yb{:}Gd}_{3}{\rm Ga}_{5}{\rm O}_{12}$ Laser Generating 180 kW of Peak Power

Detecting Cd adaptation footprint in C. riparius with a multi-genomic approach

“…The clean reads were then mapped against the latest version for C. riparius reference genome (Schmidt et al, 2020) using the BWA mem algorithm (Li and Durbin, 2009). Low quality reads were filtered and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were initially called using SAMtools (Li et al, 2009). The pipelines Popoolation and Popoolation2 (Kofler et al, 2011a, 2011b) were used to call SNPs, remove indels, and to estimate genetic diversity as Watterson’s theta in the first and last generations of each replicate.…”

“…The cleaned reads were then mapped against the latest version of the C. riparius genome (NCBI: ERR2696325) (Schmidt et al, 2020) using HISAT2 (Kim et al, 2019). Resulting sam files were converted to bam files and sorted by name with SAMtools (Li et al, 2009). Read count abundances were obtained using HTSeq (Anders et al, 2015), setting the following options: --type mRNA; --mode union; -r name.…”

Emerging investigators series: untangling the microbial ecosystem and kinetics in a nitrogen removing photosynthetic high density bioreactor

“…Raw metagenomic reads were mapped onto the pooled reference genomes using Bowtie2; 81 within this context, Bowtie2 treats each individual genome as a chromosome and only the primary alignment for each read was reported. The total number of reads aligned to individual algae and cyanobacterial genomes were obtained through SAMtools 82 and BEDTools. 83 Five genomes representing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Parachlorella kessleri overwhelmingly dominated the aligned read count.…”

Anomalous passive Q-switching induced by Cr4+:YAG: with pulse repetition rate approaching up to 1 MHz

“…Usually it is regarded as a slow saturable absorber, since its recovery time amounts to 4.1 µs [1]. For most continuous-wave pumped, Nd-or Yb-ion lasers passively Q-switched with Cr 4+ :YAG, the pulse repetition rates reachable generally fall in a range from several kHz to several tens kHz [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It proves to be fairly rare for the repetition rate to exceed 100 kHz in passively Q-switched lasers employing Cr 4+ :YAG saturable absorber.…”