“…Ligand optimization of the cIAP1 recruiting moiety bestatin has reduced cIAP1 autoubiquitination (Itoh et al, 2011a), but their efficacy remained in the micromolar range. Thus far, SNIPERs have successfully degraded multiple cellular targets, e.g., Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein I (CRABPI) and CRABPII (Itoh et al, 2010; Itoh et al, 2012; Okuhira et al, 2017), ERα (Itoh et al, 2011b; Demizu et al, 2012; Okuhira et al, 2013), the spindle regulatory protein Transforming Acidic Coiled-Coil-3 (TACC3) (Ohoka et al, 2014), the Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson tyrosine kinase (BCR-ABL) (Demizu et al, 2016) and various HaloTag fusion proteins (Tomoshige et al, 2016). Recently, the introduction of the IAP antagonist LCL161 has boosted SNIPER activity to the low nanomolar range, and allowed SNIPER evaluation in mouse xenograft models for the first time (Ohoka et al, 2017).…”