Efficient Propylene Carbonate Synthesis from Urea and Propylene Glycol over Calcium Oxide–Magnesium Oxide Catalysts

Dang, Kavisha; Kumar, Navneet; Srivastava, Vimal Chandra; Park, Jinsub; Naushad, Mu.

doi:10.3390/ma16020735

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…Dang's group found the application of CMBO catalysts in the reaction of urea with propylene glycol to produce propylene carbonate (PC). 30 A series of CMBO catalysts were prepared by adjusting the Mg:Ca ratios using different precipitating agents such as NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 . The most effective catalyst had a 1:1 Mg/Ca ratio, which gave 96% PC, 99% selectivity, and 96% urea conversion.…”

Section: Scheme 3 Cmbo Catalyzed Isomerization Of 1-butene Scheme 4 D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of CaO-MgO based Binary Oxides of Alkaline Earth Metals as Cost-effective Solid Base Heterogeneous Catalysts and Sorbents: (A Mini Review)

Bandalla,

Mavurapu,

jonnalagadda

et al. 2023

Orient. J. Chem

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The mono or single oxides of alkaline earth metals such as CaO and MgO are a type of non-toxic and non-corrosive solid-base heterogeneous catalysts. Nevertheless, these mono oxide particles can agglomerate and form larger and less active particles at certain temperatures and reduces their catalytic activity. Therefore, the use of thermally stable CaO-MgO binary oxides is recommended. Further, the possible synergistic interactions between two metal centers provides cooperative catalytic behavior to improve catalytic activity compared to their single oxide counterparts. Therefore, the main theme of this review article is to highlight the ability of reported CaO-MgO based alkaline earth binary oxides as cost-effective and efficient solid-base catalysts in variety of organic transformations and to expand their scope in many other unexplored non-asymmetric organic transformations. Literature survey reveals that CMBOs are highly considerable in optimizing recognized organic transformations such as Transesterification, Knoevenagel/Aldol condensations, Isomerization, Oligomerization, Acetylation, Henry reaction, Alcoholysis, Aza-Michael addition, Cracking of Alkanes, H2-production via steam reforming, Photodegradation of organic pollutants and so forth. The literature survey further visualizes that the surface properties of CMBOs such as Brønsted/ Lewis’s basicity, surface area, particle size, structural diversity, Ca: Mg ratios and synergism between Ca and Mg in CMBOs are very useful to promote them as efficient catalysts compared to their single oxide counterparts (pure CaO and pure MgO). The rightness of proposed mechanisms of abovementioned organic reactions by CMBO catalysts is elicited by this review. Moreover, the precursors for CMBOs are inexpensive, highly abundant and eco-compatible. Apart from the catalytic applications, the suitability of the CMBOs in sorption studies including CO2 uptake, ethanol steam reforming, and heavy metal ion removal is also covered.

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Section: Scheme 3 Cmbo Catalyzed Isomerization Of 1-butene Scheme 4 D...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of CaO-MgO based Binary Oxides of Alkaline Earth Metals as Cost-effective Solid Base Heterogeneous Catalysts and Sorbents: (A Mini Review)

Bandalla,

Mavurapu,

jonnalagadda

et al. 2023

Orient. J. Chem

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Utilization of carbon‐black industry waste to synthesize electrode material for supercapacitors

Singh,

Srivastava,

Janowska

2024

Energy Storage

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Solid waste utilization in synthesizing porous carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes has been a fast‐progressing research domain in past decades. Different types of agricultural and industrial waste have the potential to act as a precursor supply for carbon with porous structures. In this study, the waste generated from a furnace‐grade conductive carbon black manufacturing industry was utilized to synthesize porous carbon through pyrolysis at 400°C for 2 hours, followed by chemical activation at 800°C for 1 hour. Different activating agents, precisely, potassium hydroxide, orthophosphoric acid, and zinc chloride, were used. Similar activation conditions as well as the mass ratio of activating agent to sample (4:1), were maintained to make a comparative study. All three samples were then tested in a three‐electrode set‐up through cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for their performance as electrode material for supercapacitors with a mass loading of 4.0 mg/cm2 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The largest specific capacitance was obtained for the KOH‐activated sample, that is, 21.3 F/g, followed by 17.9 F/g for H3PO4 activated sample and 13.7 F/g for the ZnCl2‐activated sample, at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Though the obtained capacitance is much smaller for its practical application, the study acts as a base for further modifications and upgrades to utilize this high carbon‐containing waste in energy storage.

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Product as additive for facilitating CO2 conversion into cyclic carbonate

Deng,

Wei,

Yan

et al. 2024

Journal of CO2 Utilization

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Efficient Propylene Carbonate Synthesis from Urea and Propylene Glycol over Calcium Oxide–Magnesium Oxide Catalysts

Cited by 3 publications

References 46 publications

The Emergence of CaO-MgO based Binary Oxides of Alkaline Earth Metals as Cost-effective Solid Base Heterogeneous Catalysts and Sorbents: (A Mini Review)

The Emergence of CaO-MgO based Binary Oxides of Alkaline Earth Metals as Cost-effective Solid Base Heterogeneous Catalysts and Sorbents: (A Mini Review)

Utilization of carbon‐black industry waste to synthesize electrode material for supercapacitors

Product as additive for facilitating CO2 conversion into cyclic carbonate

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