The Cost of Infl ation: A Mechanism Design Approach Guillaume Rocheteau I apply mechanism design to quantify the cost of infl ation that can be attributed to monetary frictions alone. In an environment with pairwise meetings, the money demand that is consistent with a constrained-effi cient allocation takes the form of a continuous correspondence that can fi t the data over the period 1900-2006. For such parameterizations, the cost of moderate infl ation is zero. This result is robust to different assumptions regarding the observability of money holdings, the introduction of match-specifi c heterogeneity, and endogeneous participation decisions.