Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F<sub>2602</sub> Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process

Hou, Conghua; Jia, Xiaoqing; Wang, Jingyu; Tan, Yingxin; Yuan, Yunfei; Li, Chao

doi:10.1155/2017/3607383

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Among them, type 26 fluoroelastomer is one of the most widely used fluoroelastomers, and it is also commonly used as an adhesive for explosives. Hou et al, 14 Bian Bian et al, 15 and Ji et al 16 successfully coated F 2602 on the surface of HMX by the one-step granulation method and used the suspension spray-drying method to prepare HMX/F 2602 microspheres, which reduced the sensitivity of HMX and improved the safety performance of HMX. In this study, F 2602 / GAP/CL-20 energetic fibers were prepared by electrostatic spinning with F 2602 /GAP as the coating binder and CL-20 as the high-energy explosive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Properties of F₂₆₀₂/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method

et al. 2020

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In this work, three samples of fluoroelastomers/glycidyl azide polymer/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (F2602/GAP/CL-20) energetic fibers with F2602/GAP:CL-20 ratios of 1:9, 2:8, and 3:7 were prepared by the electrospinning method. The morphologies and structures of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that F2602/GAP/CL-20 energetic fibers showed a three-dimensional network structure, and four elements C, N, O, and F were observed on the surface. The surface of the fiber F2602/GAP:CL-20 = 1:9 was uniform and smooth. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to analyze the thermal decomposition properties of the samples. The apparent activation energy of the F2602/GAP/CL-20 energetic fiber was 399.86 kJ/mol, indicating high thermal stability. TG-MS analysis results show that the thermal decomposition products of F2602/GAP/CL-20 are mainly C2H6, H2O, N2, and CO2. The results of the energy performance evaluation showed that the standard specific impulse (I sp) of F2602/GAP/CL-20 was 2668.1 N s kg–1, which was remarkably higher than I sp of the state-of-the-art AP/HTPB/Al propellant. In addition, compared to that of CL-20, the friction sensitivity of one F2602/GAP/CL-20 sample decreased by 38%, and the sensitivities of the other two F2602/GAP/CL-20 samples were even less than zero. F2602/GAP/CL-20 fibers also exhibited a higher feature height. Therefore, these kinds of CL-20-based fibers are high-energy materials with very low sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Properties of F₂₆₀₂/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method

et al. 2020

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“…At a certain heating rate, the external energy absorbed by the particles increases for a period of time, and the heated area and the reactivity increase. In addition, owing to the massive agglomeration of particles, its specific surface area and the number of atoms located on the surface increase [21,22]. Therefore, E a and the thermal decomposition temperature have decreased as compared to the raw HMX.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Preparation, Spheroidal, and Superior Property of Nano-1,3,5,7-Tetranittro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocane

Jia

Wang

Hou

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Herein, a green process for preparing nano-HMX, mechanical demulsification shearing (MDS) technology, was developed. Nano-HMX was successfully fabricated via MDS technology without using any chemical reagents, and the fabrication mechanism was proposed. Based on the “fractal theory,” the optimal shearing time for mechanical emulsification was deduced by calculating the fractal dimension of the particle size distribution. The as-prepared nano-HMX was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). And the impact sensitivities of HMX particles were contrastively investigated. The raw HMX had a lower fractal dimension of 1.9273. The ideal shearing time was 7 h. The resultant nano-HMX possessed a particle size distribution ranging from 203.3 nm to 509.1 nm as compared to raw HMX. Nano-HMX particles were dense spherical, maintaining β-HMX crystal form. In addition, they had much lower impact sensitivity. However, the apparent activation energy as well as thermal decomposition temperature of nano-HMX particles was decreased, attributing to the reduced probability for hotspot generation. Especially when the shearing time was 7 h, the activation energy was markedly decreased.

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“…It can be observed that the raw RDX (Figure 7a), Refined RDX (Figure 7b), RDX/MUF-1 (Figure 7c), and RDX/MUF-2 ( Figure 7d) composite energetic microspheres have similar thermal decomposition behaviors, possessing a very distinct endothermic peak at around 204 • C. That is, the addition of the MUF binder has little influence on the stability of RDX crystal form. Based on the decomposition peak temperature values of three different RDX samples at different heating rates, in order to ensure the accuracy of the calculation the decomposition activation energy E a and the pre-exponential factor A of the four RDX samples were calculated by the Kissinger formula, Ozawa formula and Starink formula, respectively [20,21]. ln( β…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of RDX/MUF Nanocomposite Energetic Microspheres with Reduced Sensitivity

Jia

et al. 2019

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In order to improve the general problem of irregular coating morphology and low mechanical strength of the coating layer in existing coating desensitization technology, nano-cyclotrimethylene trinitramine/melamine-urea-formaldehyde (RDX/MUF) composite energetic microspheres were prepared by an improved emulsion polymerization, taking the MUF as the binder and RDX as the main explosive. In order to judge whether RDX/MUF possessed good stability, the combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to determine the level of binding binding energy between urea-formaldehyde resin binder (UF) and RDX. In addition, to investigate the optimal reaction temperature for the preparation of MUF/RDX, the binding energy between UF and RDX at different temperatures was simulated. And then the morphology and thermal properties of the as-prepared composite energetic microspheres were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DSC, the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of the resultant samples were tested as well. Moreover, RDX/MUF with the same MUF content was prepared by physical mixing for comparative analysis. MD simulation demonstrated that UF and RDX possessed good binding ability at 298 K. The DSC method indicatec that UF and RDX had good compatibility, and the comprehensive performance of RDX after coating was not significantly deteriorated; The optimal binding temperature between UF and RDX was 60~70 °C which is consistent with the experimental results. The experimental results showed that the optimum process conditions for the preparation of RDX/MUF could be listed as follows: the temperature for preparing RDX/MUF composite energetic microspheres by the improved emulsion polymerization was 70 °C the optimal pH value of the urea-formaldehyde resin prepolymer solution was 3, and the optimal melamine-urea molar ratio was 0.4.

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Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F₂₆₀₂ Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization and Properties of F₂₆₀₂/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method

Characterization and Properties of F₂₆₀₂/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method

Green Preparation, Spheroidal, and Superior Property of Nano-1,3,5,7-Tetranittro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocane

Preparation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of RDX/MUF Nanocomposite Energetic Microspheres with Reduced Sensitivity

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Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F2602 Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Characterization and Properties of F2602/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method

Characterization and Properties of F2602/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method

Green Preparation, Spheroidal, and Superior Property of Nano-1,3,5,7-Tetranittro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocane

Preparation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of RDX/MUF Nanocomposite Energetic Microspheres with Reduced Sensitivity

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Efficient Preparation and Performance Characterization of the HMX/F₂₆₀₂ Microspheres by One-Step Granulation Process

Characterization and Properties of F₂₆₀₂/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method

Characterization and Properties of F₂₆₀₂/GAP/CL-20 Energetic Fibers with High Energy and Low Sensitivity Prepared by the Electrospinning Method