Efficient power amplifiers for piezoelectric applications

Main, John A.; Newton, David V.; Massengill, L.W.; Garcia, Ephrahim

doi:10.1088/0964-1726/5/6/006

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The efficiency of inverse algorithms used to construct inverse filters is dependent on the efficiency of forward algorithms used to implement the discretized polarization model (13). In this section, we summarize a highly efficient algorithm to evaluate (13) when the kernel P is given by (3) or (4) for regimes in which relaxation processes are negligible.…”

Section: Implementation Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model (11) and discretized model (13) quantify the relation between input fields and the polarization generated in ferroelectric materials. To construct an inverse filter of the type illustrated in Figure 3, it is necessary to quantify the inverse P -E relation.…”

Section: Inverse Relation Between Polarization and Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To specify the model, parameters in the polarization model (13) and lumped rod model (16) were estimated through a least squares fit to field-displacement data collected at 0.279 Hz, 5.58 Hz and 27.9 Hz using the techniques detailed in [23]. This yielded model fits similar to those shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Open Loop Control Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, it is illustrated in [12,13], that use of charge-or current-controlled amplifiers can essentially eliminate hysteresis. However, this mode of operation can be prohibitively expensive when compared with the more commonly employed voltage-controlled amplifiers, and current control is ineffective if maintaining DC offsets as is the case when the x-stage of an AFM is held in a fixed position while a sweep is performed with the y-stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction and Experimental Implementation of a Model-Based Inverse Filter to Attenuate Hysteresis in Ferroelectric Transducers

Hatch¹,

Smith²,

De³

et al. 2005

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Hysteresis and constitutive nonlinearities are inherent properties of ferroelectric transducer materials due to the noncentrosymmetric nature of the compounds. In certain regimes, these effects can be mitigated through restricted input fields, charge-or current-controlled amplifiers, or feedback designs. For general operating conditions, however, these properties must be accommodated in models, transducer designs, and model-based control algorithms to achieve the novel capabilities provided by the compounds. In this paper, we illustrate the construction of inverse filters, based on homogenized energy models, which can be used to approximately linearize the piezoceramic transducer behavior for linear design and control implementation. Attributes of the inverse filters are illustrated through numerical examples and experimental open loop control implementation for an atomic force microscope stage.i Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

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Section: Implementation Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inverse Relation Between Polarization and Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Loop Control Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Construction and Experimental Implementation of a Model-Based Inverse Filter to Attenuate Hysteresis in Ferroelectric Transducers

Hatch¹,

Smith²,

De³

et al. 2005

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“…However, at the higher frequencies required for applications including real-time monitoring of biological processes (e.g., protein unfolding), comprehensive product diagnostics, and single electron spin detection [23,34], increasing noise-to-data ratios and diminishing high-pass characteristics of control filters preclude a sole reliance on feedback laws to eliminate hysteresis. Alternatively, it is illustrated in [16,17], that use of charge-or current-controlled amplifiers can essentially eliminate hysteresis. However, this mode of operation can be prohibitively expensive when compared with the more commonly employed voltage-controlled amplifiers, and current control is ineffective if maintaining DC offsets as is the case when the x-stage of an AFM is held in a fixed position while a sweep is performed with the y-stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Development for Atomic Force Microscope Stage Mechanisms

Smith¹,

Hatch²,

De³

et al. 2005

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In this paper, we develop nonlinear constitutive equations and resulting system models quantifying the nonlinear and hysteretic field-displacement relations inherent to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) devices employed in atomic force microscope stage mechanisms. We focus specifically on PZT rods utilizing d 33 motion and PZT shells driven in d 31 regimes, but the modeling framework is sufficiently general to accommodate a variety of drive geometries. In the first step of the model development, lattice-level energy relations are combined with stochastic homogenization techniques to construct nonlinear constitutive relations which accommodate the hysteresis inherent to ferroelectric compounds. Secondly, these constitutive relations are employed in classical rod and shell relations to construct system models appropriate for presently employed nanopositioner designs. The capability of the models to quantify the frequency-dependent hysteresis inherent to the PZT stages is illustrated through comparison with experimental data. i Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

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On‐off iterative adaptive controller for low‐power micro‐robotic step regulation

Hahn

Oldham

2011

Asian Journal of Control

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A novel model-free iterative adaptive controller is presented for lowpower control of piezoelectric actuators. The controller uses simple adaptation rules based on known general behavior of piezoelectric actuators to adjust onoff switching times to drive piezoelectric actuators through a desired transient step motion. Adaptation rules are based on small numbers of measurements taken during each iteration of the actuator movement. Combined with the use of only on-off control inputs, controller implementation can be possible at much lower overall power levels than would be needed to implement a conventional control strategy such as through pulse-width-modulation (PWM) with real-time feedback. Such power savings are particularly important for the intended controller application to piezoelectric microactuators driving autonomous terrestrial micro-robots. A method for predicting convergence of systems with nominally linear dynamics and unknown, bounded nonlinearities is described, and applied to a sample target piezoelectric actuator. The controller is tested in simulation and experimentally on a piezoelectric cantilever actuator, and shows predicted convergence to the desired response.

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Efficient power amplifiers for piezoelectric applications

Cited by 50 publications

References 1 publication

Construction and Experimental Implementation of a Model-Based Inverse Filter to Attenuate Hysteresis in Ferroelectric Transducers

Construction and Experimental Implementation of a Model-Based Inverse Filter to Attenuate Hysteresis in Ferroelectric Transducers

Model Development for Atomic Force Microscope Stage Mechanisms

On‐off iterative adaptive controller for low‐power micro‐robotic step regulation

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