Efficient photothermal conversion of MXenes and their application in biomedicine

Abstract

This paper mainly introduces the application of photothermal conversion of MXenes in the biomedical field, including photothermal therapy of tumors, drug delivery, photoacoustic imaging, and antibacterial agents.

Silica-Ti3C2Tx MXene Nanoarchitectures with Simultaneous Adsorption and Photothermal Properties

“…This property is a topic that is attracting increased interest focusing important applications such as steam generation, water desalination and cancer therapy. [7,37] Photothermal conversion is also remarkable in nanocomposite materials such as those containing biopolymers (e.g., nanocellulose) assembled to MXenes, which incorporate thermoelectric properties useful in biomedicine and even in amazing behaviors such as controllable light-driven photothermal properties inherent to their 2D carbide component. Cyclic on-off laser irradiation at regular time intervals shows the concomitant increase in temperature (Figure 4) demonstrating excellent repetitive photothermal response activity over long periods of time.…”

“…MXenes are currently being thoroughly investigated for their uses in a wide range of applications, such as energy storage and conversion, electronics, sensor devices, biomedicine, environment preservation and catalysis. [7,8] Except the electrical conductivity, they exhibit comparable properties to clays and clay minerals, receiving the nickname of "conducting clays" or "carbide clays". [9] However, the term "clay" should preferably be associated to silicates and related small-size particles present in the geosphere.…”

Thermally Conductive MXene

“…As an example, the PCE of Fe−Ti 3 C 2 was less than 30% in one study, and, in another study, the PCE of Ti 3 C 2 /ZiF-8 was more than 80%. 62 Lin et al have utilized Ta 4 C 3 for in vivo photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging. Based on their report, their modified MXene demonstrated near 45% PCE and considerable in vivo/ in vitro photothermal ablation (Figure 8).…”

“…In addition, compositing the MXenes with other elements or components can alter the PCE of pristine MXene. As an example, the PCE of Fe–Ti 3 C 2 was less than 30% in one study, and, in another study, the PCE of Ti 3 C 2 /ZiF-8 was more than 80% . Lin et al have utilized Ta 4 C 3 for in vivo photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging.…”

Photothermal Conversion Perylene-Based Metal–Organic Framework with Panchromatic Absorption Bandwidth across the Visible to Near-Infrared

“…Photothermal materials, which have the capacity to efficiently convert light to heat energy, have gained significant attention in recent years due to their versatile applications in biological photothermal therapy, photothermal catalysis, clean water production, environmental remediation, and wearable electronics . Potential candidates for photothermal functional materials mainly encompass inorganic materials like plasmonic metals, metal oxides/mixed metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, MXenes, , and carbon-based materials . Additionally, organic materials such as polymers, , cocrystals, and covalent–organic frameworks, as well as inorganic–organic composite materials like coordination compounds or metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), are also included in the list of potential candidates.…”