In this paper, a light-induced Rh(III)-azobenzene (azo)
complex
in its two conformations (cis- and trans-form) is analyzed via density functional theory methods, focusing
on the geometrical and electronic structure, linear and second-order
nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, as well as UV–vis absorption
spectra. The results show that
trans-Rh exhibits more obvious charge separation and more extensive π-conjugation
than
cis-Rh. The energy gaps (E
gap) between the highest occupied molecular
orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of
cis-Rh and
trans-Rh are as small
as 0.28 and 0.36 eV, respectively. The unusual small E
gap facilitates electronic transition and accompanies
large NLO responses. In particular,
cis-Rh and
trans-Rh possess considerably
large second-order NLO responses with the first hyperpolarizability
(βtot) up to 7.0 × 104 a.u. (“OFF”
state) and 8.5 × 104 a.u. (“ON” state),
respectively.
trans-Rh shows good π-conjugation
and obvious electric delocalization relative to
cis-Rh and thus a considerable βtot value. The
switchable ratio of βtot (
trans-Rh)/βtot (
cis-Rh) is equal to 1.2, showing switch characteristics. UV–vis
analyses indicate that the ON and OFF states can finely tune the absorption
range due to the strongest absorption peaks of
cis-Rh (301 nm) and
trans-Rh (446
nm) lying in the UV and vis region, respectively. It is expected that
the studied Rh(III)-azo complexes may be applied in the field of optoelectronics.