Efficient photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol by metal complex-clay/TiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid photocatalyst

Goto, Takehito; Ogawa, Makoto

doi:10.1039/c5ra25430b

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Detailed investigation of the formation of intermediates and visible light photocatalytic degradation pathway of BTEX is currently on going. Similar intermediate byproduct formation as a result of photocatalytic degradation of BTEX was also reported by several other researchers [ 56 , 77 – 80 ]. Production of CO 2 as a result of successive photo-oxidation of BTEX and the intermediate byproducts was detected after 1 hour of continuous photocatalytic degradation of BTEX with ZnO nanorods as shown in Fig 7 , where CO 2 content was observed to increase continuously after 1 hour indicating complete mineralization of BTEX mainly into CO 2 and water.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Efficient visible light photocatalysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in aqueous solutions using supported zinc oxide nanorods

et al. 2017

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Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) are some of the common environmental pollutants originating mainly from oil and gas industries, which are toxic to human as well as other living organisms in the ecosystem. Here we investigate photocatalytic degradation of BTEX under visible light irradiation using supported zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown on glass substrates using a microwave assisted hydrothermal method. ZnO nanorods were characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area, UV/visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Visible light photocatalytic degradation products of BTEX are studied for individual components using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). ZnO nanorods with significant amount of electronic defect states, due to the fast crystallization of the nanorods under microwave irradiation, exhibited efficient degradation of BTEX under visible light, degrading more than 80% of the individual BTEX components in 180 minutes. Effect of initial concentration of BTEX as individual components is also probed and the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO nanorods in different conditions is explored. Formation of intermediate byproducts such as phenol, benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were confirmed by our HPLC analysis which could be due to the photocatalytic degradation of BTEX. Carbon dioxide was evaluated and showed an increasing pattern over time indicating the mineralization process confirming the conversion of toxic organic compounds into benign products.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Efficient visible light photocatalysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in aqueous solutions using supported zinc oxide nanorods

et al. 2017

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“…There is a demand for an alternative to the commonly used cumene process in the production of phenol. A photocatalytic reaction with high yields and selectivity of phenol can be highly suitable for mass production [167]. The difficulties in the application to continuous-flow systems has been solved by processing the [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ –TiO 2 @clay nanoarchitecture as a film to be mounted in a flow reactor [168].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural arrangement of the [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ –TiO 2 @clay nanoarchitecture and its photocatalytic activity in the conversion of benzene to phenol. Adapted with permission from [167], copyright 2016, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂and ZnO nanoparticles

Ruiz-Hitzky¹,

Aranda²,

Akkari³

et al. 2019

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

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Thought as raw materials clay minerals are often disregarded in the development of advanced materials. However, clays of natural and synthetic origin constitute excellent platforms for developing nanostructured functional materials for numerous applications. They can be easily assembled to diverse types of nanoparticles provided with magnetic, electronic, photoactive or bioactive properties, allowing to overcome drawbacks of other types of substrates in the design of functional nanoarchitectures. Within this scope, clays can be of special relevance in the production of photoactive materials as they offer an advantageous way for the stabilization and immobilization of diverse metal-oxide nanoparticles. The controlled assembly under mild conditions of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles with clay minerals to give diverse clay–semiconductor nanoarchitectures are summarized and critically discussed in this review article. The possibility to use clay minerals as starting components showing different morphologies, such as layered, fibrous, or tubular morphologies, to immobilize these types of nanoparticles mainly plays a role in i) the control of their size and size distribution on the solid surface, ii) the mitigation or suppression of the nanoparticle aggregation, and iii) the hierarchical design for selectivity enhancements in the catalytic transformation and for improved overall reaction efficiency. This article tries also to present new steps towards more sophisticated but efficient and highly selective functional nanoarchitectures incorporating photosensitizer elements for tuning the semiconductor–clay photoactivity.

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“…Accordingly, the polarity is altered (de Paiva et al, 2008). Besides, a wide range of organic cations, groups or molecules can be used and can perform a variety of functions such as in optical properties , adsorption (Seki et al, 2010(Seki et al, , 2015 and catalysis (Goto et al, 2016). In addition, the inorganic layers of Sap play an active role in stabilizing and protecting the intercalated organic species.…”

Section: Organic Modification Of Saponitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much importantly, the intercalation of organometallic complexes into the interlayer space of Sap brings additional functions caused by the organometallic complexes. In other words, the organometallic complex-Sap hybrids can act as catalysts (Pimchan et al, 2014;Kurokawa et al, 2014;Goto and Ogawa, 2016), catalyst support (Goto and Ogawa, 2015) or optical materials (Sato et al, 2014a;Hosokawa and Mochida, 2015;Tamura et al, 2015;Eguchi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Organometallic Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification, hybridization and applications of saponite: An overview

Zhou

et al. 2019

Applied Clay Science

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Modification of saponite (Sap) by surface engineering and intercalation chemistry introduces guest species into the structure of Sap and enhances the functionalities of the resultant Sap-based hybrids or composites. This review summarizes and evaluates latest scientific advances in the strategies for surface engineering, intercalation and hybridization of Sap, the insights into the relevant mechanisms, and the properties and applications of the resultant Sap-based materials. Studies have indicated that Sap can be inorganically modified by acid activation, inorganic cation exchange, pillaring, and adsorption. The methods of preparing organo-saponite (OSap) hybrids can be categorized as follows: 1) exchanging the inorganic cations in the interlayer space of Sap with organic cations; 2) covalent grafting of organic moieties or groups onto the surface of Sap; 3) intercalating polymer into the interlayer space of Sap by solution intercalation, and melt mixing or in situ polymerization. Organic-inorganic modified Sap can be made through the reactions between organic species and inorganic-modified Sap, or by the combination of inorganic species with organic-modified Sap. Modified Sap exhibits exceptional thermal stability, surface acidity, optical effects and adsorption. As such, the modified Sap can be used for optical materials, adsorbents, catalysts and clay/polymer nanocomposites (CPN). Literature survey suggests that future studies should place emphasis on optimizing and scaling up the modification of Sap, probing the thermodynamics, kinetics and mechanisms of the modification of Sap, endowing Sap with novel functionalities, and accordingly advancing the practical applications of the resultant Sap-based materials.

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Efficient photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol by metal complex-clay/TiO₂ hybrid photocatalyst

Abstract: Synthetic saponite containing a photosensitizing metal complex was complexed with colloidal anatase and used for the visible light photocatalytic reaction of aqueous benzene to phenol.

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Efficient visible light photocatalysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in aqueous solutions using supported zinc oxide nanorods

Efficient visible light photocatalysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in aqueous solutions using supported zinc oxide nanorods

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂and ZnO nanoparticles

Modification, hybridization and applications of saponite: An overview

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Efficient photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol by metal complex-clay/TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst

Abstract: Synthetic saponite containing a photosensitizing metal complex was complexed with colloidal anatase and used for the visible light photocatalytic reaction of aqueous benzene to phenol.

Cited by 34 publications

References 49 publications

Efficient visible light photocatalysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in aqueous solutions using supported zinc oxide nanorods

Efficient visible light photocatalysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) in aqueous solutions using supported zinc oxide nanorods

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO2and ZnO nanoparticles

Modification, hybridization and applications of saponite: An overview

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Efficient photocatalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol by metal complex-clay/TiO₂ hybrid photocatalyst

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂and ZnO nanoparticles