“…In addition, the in situ formation of MnO 2 inevitably introduced defects in Ti 3 C 2 , weakening the (002) peak further. 33 At the same time, the strong diffraction peak of the composite was labeled with symbols that matched with the characteristic diffraction peaks of MnO 2 -1 and MnO 2 -2, proving the successful preparation of the composites. Figure 3d presents the N 2 adsorption−desorption isotherms and pore size distributions (illustration) of MnO 2 , d-Ti 3 C 2 T x , and MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…15,22−24 Although MO/MXenes composites have not yet been employed for CWAs degradation, they hold great promise as degradants and adsorbents for various organic pollutants, 25−28 antibiotics, 29−31 and pesticides. 32 Xu et al 33 In this study, MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 composites were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method to incorporate various morphologies and crystal structures of MnO 2 onto Ti 3 C 2 -MXene nanosheets for the degradation of 2-CEES. MXene served as a substrate for loading MnO 2 nanoparticles, preventing their agglomeration and enabling their random distribution within the nanosheet layer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the high surface of MO nanoparticles facilitates their aggregation into large particles, resulting in reduced active sites and diminished degradation property toward CWAs. , To address these challenges, extensive research has been conducted on nanocomposites comprising dispersed MO nanoparticles on suitable substrates such as layered or porous materials. − Transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbon nitride compounds (MXenes) possess interlayer structures with abundant functional −OH and −O groups as well as surface-active functional groups that can be used for graft modification and controlled surface chemical properties, − thereby exhibiting excellent adsorption capacity and catalytic activity. − Utilizing MXene as a substrate for loading transition MOs can prevent the stacking of MXene nanosheets while overcoming the tendency of MOs to expand and agglomerate, thus providing ample exposed active sites. ,− Although MO/MXenes composites have not yet been employed for CWAs degradation, they hold great promise as degradants and adsorbents for various organic pollutants, − antibiotics, − and pesticides . Xu et al . demonstrated the preparation of CuO-Fe 2 O 3 /MXene through rapid microwave hydrothermal method which enhanced peroxonosulfate (PMS) activation efficiency and atrazine (ATZ) degradation.…”
Manganese oxides with porous structure and abundant active sites show potential in degrading sulfur mustard (HD). However, there is an interface effect between the oily liquid HD and nano oxides, and the powder is prone to agglomeration, which leads to incomplete contact and limited degradation ability. Here, we demonstrate a simple hydrothermal method for preparing MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 composites to address this problem. The influence of morphology and crystal structure on performance are examined. Herein, flower-like MnO 2 is loaded onto the surface or interlayer of Ti 3 C 2 -MXene nanosheets during in situ formation, significantly expanding the specific surface area. It also provides abundant acid− base sites and oxygen vacancies for the degradation of simulants 2chloro-ethyl-ethyl thioether (2-CEES) without external energy, resulting in a reaction half-life as fast as 12.5 min. The relationship between structure and performance is clearly elaborated through temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses. Based on in situ attenuated total reflection−Fourier transform infrared (ATR−FTIR) analysis, gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the proposed degradation pathway of the 2-CEES molecule is a synergistic effect of hydrolysis, elimination, and oxidation. Furthermore, the products are nontoxic or low toxic. Metal oxide/MXene composites are first illustrated for their potential use in degrading sulfur mustard, suggesting new insights into these materials as novel decontamination for decomposing chemical warfare agents.
“…In addition, the in situ formation of MnO 2 inevitably introduced defects in Ti 3 C 2 , weakening the (002) peak further. 33 At the same time, the strong diffraction peak of the composite was labeled with symbols that matched with the characteristic diffraction peaks of MnO 2 -1 and MnO 2 -2, proving the successful preparation of the composites. Figure 3d presents the N 2 adsorption−desorption isotherms and pore size distributions (illustration) of MnO 2 , d-Ti 3 C 2 T x , and MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 79%
“…15,22−24 Although MO/MXenes composites have not yet been employed for CWAs degradation, they hold great promise as degradants and adsorbents for various organic pollutants, 25−28 antibiotics, 29−31 and pesticides. 32 Xu et al 33 In this study, MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 composites were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method to incorporate various morphologies and crystal structures of MnO 2 onto Ti 3 C 2 -MXene nanosheets for the degradation of 2-CEES. MXene served as a substrate for loading MnO 2 nanoparticles, preventing their agglomeration and enabling their random distribution within the nanosheet layer.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the high surface of MO nanoparticles facilitates their aggregation into large particles, resulting in reduced active sites and diminished degradation property toward CWAs. , To address these challenges, extensive research has been conducted on nanocomposites comprising dispersed MO nanoparticles on suitable substrates such as layered or porous materials. − Transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbon nitride compounds (MXenes) possess interlayer structures with abundant functional −OH and −O groups as well as surface-active functional groups that can be used for graft modification and controlled surface chemical properties, − thereby exhibiting excellent adsorption capacity and catalytic activity. − Utilizing MXene as a substrate for loading transition MOs can prevent the stacking of MXene nanosheets while overcoming the tendency of MOs to expand and agglomerate, thus providing ample exposed active sites. ,− Although MO/MXenes composites have not yet been employed for CWAs degradation, they hold great promise as degradants and adsorbents for various organic pollutants, − antibiotics, − and pesticides . Xu et al . demonstrated the preparation of CuO-Fe 2 O 3 /MXene through rapid microwave hydrothermal method which enhanced peroxonosulfate (PMS) activation efficiency and atrazine (ATZ) degradation.…”
Manganese oxides with porous structure and abundant active sites show potential in degrading sulfur mustard (HD). However, there is an interface effect between the oily liquid HD and nano oxides, and the powder is prone to agglomeration, which leads to incomplete contact and limited degradation ability. Here, we demonstrate a simple hydrothermal method for preparing MnO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 composites to address this problem. The influence of morphology and crystal structure on performance are examined. Herein, flower-like MnO 2 is loaded onto the surface or interlayer of Ti 3 C 2 -MXene nanosheets during in situ formation, significantly expanding the specific surface area. It also provides abundant acid− base sites and oxygen vacancies for the degradation of simulants 2chloro-ethyl-ethyl thioether (2-CEES) without external energy, resulting in a reaction half-life as fast as 12.5 min. The relationship between structure and performance is clearly elaborated through temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses. Based on in situ attenuated total reflection−Fourier transform infrared (ATR−FTIR) analysis, gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the proposed degradation pathway of the 2-CEES molecule is a synergistic effect of hydrolysis, elimination, and oxidation. Furthermore, the products are nontoxic or low toxic. Metal oxide/MXene composites are first illustrated for their potential use in degrading sulfur mustard, suggesting new insights into these materials as novel decontamination for decomposing chemical warfare agents.
“…HCO3 -may react with SO4 •− and HO • to form active substances with a lower oxidation capacity (Equations ( 9) and ( 10)) [15,40], which weakenes the degradation of MOX. Free radicals were more likely to attach to HA than pollutants and then react with functional groups in HA [41]. HA preempted the active sites on the catalyst surface through strong π-π stacking [42], so the interaction between CuFeS2/MXene and PMS could be blocked.…”
Section: Removal Efficiency Under Varying Conditionsmentioning
In this research, the CuFeS2/MXene-modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was prepared to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to remove moxifloxacin (MOX) and its morphology; surface functional groups and hydrophilicity were also studied. The parameters of the catalytic membrane/PMS system were optimized, with an optimal loading of 4 mg/cm2 and a PMS dosage of 0.20 mM. High filtration pressure, alkaline conditions, and impurities in water could inhibit MOX removal. After continuous filtration, the removal efficiency of MOX using the catalytic membrane/PMS system and PVDF membrane was 68.2% and 9.9%, respectively. Batch filtration could remove 87.8% MOX by the extra 10 min contact time between the catalytic membrane and solution. During the filtration process, CuFeS2/MXene on the surface of the catalytic membrane activated PMS to produce SO4•−, HO•, and 1O2, and MOX was removed through adsorption and degradation. Taking humic acid (HA) as the model foulant, reversible fouling resistance in the catalytic membrane/PMS system was 22.8% of the PVDF membrane. The catalytic membrane/PMS system weakened the formation of the cake layer by oxidizing HA into smaller pollutants and followed the intermediate blocking cake filtration model. The novelty of this research was to develop a CuFeS2/MXene–PVDF membrane-activated PMS system and explore its application in antibiotics removal.
“…The previous year's survey revealed that generally novel nonmaterial exhibited large surface area and has wide range of application in different fields, Ngoc and Vu (2022) have fabricated CuO.Fe 3 O 4 /silica composite using rice husk and their role to increase the Fenton-like catalytic degradation of tartrazine in proper pH range [ 26 ]. Xu et al (2022) reported CuO–Fe 2 O 3 .MXene composite and use for atrazine degradation mechanism, performance and coexisting matter influence [ 27 ]. As per literature survey, numerous research articles have been reported in biosynthesis of different CuO/Fe 2 O 3 , Cu/reduced graphene oxide/Fe 2 O 3 , and magnetic chitosan-copper nanocomposite from different species [ [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] ], also seen their action on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate [ 34 ], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [ [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ].…”
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