Efficient ORR electrocatalytic activity of peanut shell-based graphitic carbon microstructures

Abstract

Dual-doped graphitic carbon CoOP@bio-C with hierarchical microporous structures was prepared from a sustainable waste biomass, peanut shell, with CO2 gas as the activating agent through a thermal-reduction method. The resulting material displays an overall superior electrocatalytic activity for the ORR to commercial Pt/C.

N, P, S/Fe‐codoped Carbon Derived from Feculae Bombycis as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…TEM observations of the FBC−Fe in Figure a show that the irregularly‐shaped Fe nanoparticles (10–20 nm) embedded in the partially graphitized porous carbon, where the coexistence of graphitized carbon and amorphous carbon indicated the synergistic balance of conductivity and defect sites both in favor of ORR. While HRTEM clearly displayed that the Fe nanocrystals are enclosed in the graphitized carbon lattice (Figure b), which benefits to maintain the stability of the Fe active sites during the ORR process . The high‐angle annular dark field STEM (HAADF‐STEM) and the corresponding elemental mapping images of FBC−Fe (Figure c & 3d) demonstrate the presence of C, N, P, S and Fe elements which are distributed uniformly throughout the FBC−Fe.…”

An Excellent Fe, N Co‐Doped Porous Biomass Carbon Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst: Effect of Zinc‐Based Activators on Catalytic Activity

“…The utilization of Raman measurement method can further assess the defects and the degree of graphitization of the two as‐prepared materials. From Figure 3b, two peaks, corresponding to D‐band and G‐band, [ 10 ] can be observed at 1336.0 and 1595.1 cm −1 , respectively. These also indicates that GC phase exists in two kinds of biomass‐based carbon materials.…”

“…These also indicates that GC phase exists in two kinds of biomass‐based carbon materials. [ 22 ] Furthermore, a higher I D / I G ratio for GC in Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ‐Fe/C/N@bio‐C (1.07) than in ZnCl 2 ‐Fe/C/N@bio‐C (0.91), illustrates the more defects, disordered and nongraphitized carbon in the graphitized carbon lattice structure of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ‐Fe/C/N@bio‐C. Particularly, the presence of sufficient defect sites in Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ‐Fe/C/N@bio‐C can modulate electronic performance and the surface charge character, so that the adsorption energies of the electrochemical catalytic reaction is optimized.…”

“…[ 8 ] In recent years, biomass has attracted much attention due to its abundant, cheap, and sustainable properties, making it an applicable carbon source to prepare carbon materials instead of resin precursors. A large number of biomass precursors have been used to develop ORR catalysts such as porphyra, [ 9 ] peanut shell, [ 10 ] and good results have been achieved. On the other hand, activation is a common method for preparing porous carbon catalysts.…”

Recent Progress on Defect‐rich Transition Metal Oxides and Their Energy‐Related Applications

“…[96] To date, precious metal-based catalysts (such as platinum) are still required to obtain for practical applications, but its reserves are too scarce to be suitable for large scale application. [97][98][99] Therefore, it is a high demand to find cheap, high active and stable catalysts to replace precious metal-based catalysts. The TMOs is one of the options, however TMOs possess insufficient active sites and poor electrical conductivity when being used for electrocatalytic ORR.…”