Efficient Oral Priming of Tenebrio molitor Larvae Using Heat-Inactivated Microorganisms

González-Acosta, Sergio; Baca-González, Victoria; Asensio-Calavia, Patricia; Otazo-Pérez, Andrea; Lopez, M.; Morales-delaNuez, A.; Lastra, José Manuel Pérez de la

doi:10.3390/vaccines10081296

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Immune priming of T. molitor using gram-positive bacteria conferred protection from infections with pathogenic gram-positive and -negative bacteria within generation and the next generation . To reduce the risk of insects becoming infected during the immune priming treatment, heat inactivated microorganisms could be used, as it has been successfully demonstrated in T. molitor larvae (González-Acosta et al, 2022). This could be useful in the future as a preventative treatment for parasites known to be problematic in insect facilities.…”

Section: Management Of Harmful Symbiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

Savio

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Lactobacillus plantarum is available in several probiotic products due to its proven abilities in reducing inflammatory bowel disease, the irritable bowel syndrome and preventing diarrhea.Application to Diptera and Lepidoptera showed effects of Lb. plantarum on host development and performance raising questions about application to other insect Orders. Research objectives and outline of this thesisThe purpose of this thesis is to provide a broad overview of T. molitor symbionts, conduct experimental studies focused on potential application of beneficial symbionts such as Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactobacillus plantarum WJB as potential probiotic strains for decreasing the risk of infections in mass-rearing conditions and for optimizing the quality of the chemical composition of the larvae as they may be consumed as feed and food, representing one of the solutions for upscaling the value of by-products along the food chain.Chapter 2 provides a review of the potential of probiotic applications in mass-reared insects. Methods of isolation, identification and production of probiotic bacterial species are provided, taking into consideration methods of their application in an insect mass-rearing context and the important connections between host-microbiota and provided feed in health preservation and disease management.Chapter 3, provides a review addressing the richness and the variety of interactions between the yellow mealworm and its symbionts, methods of pathogen detection and insights for reducing the risk of pathogen infection in rearing facilities.Chapter 4, is an experimental study focused on T. molitor susceptibility to the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (4AA1) (Btt) in conditions resembling the mass-rearing system environment. The study highlights the direct correlation between entomopathogen load and the yellow mealworm larval growth and mortality. Larvae having higher body mass showed to be more resistant to the pathogen and were not compromised in feed conversion. The data also showed that Btt can persist in the tested conditions suggesting a certain risk for the rearing.Chapter 5, focus on the effects of diet composition and two potential probiotic strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus KVL B19-01 and Lactobacillus plantarum WJB, on performance and microbial community composition of T. molitor larvae affected by the entomopathogens Metarhizium brunneum KVL 12-30 and Bacillus thuringiensis sv. morrisoni biovar tenebrionis (4AA1) single or co-infection.The larvae presented increased growth and survival in case of co-infection when fed with diet supplemented with P. pentosaceus. The bacterial community composition of the larvae was similar in all treatments, indicating that the probiotic strain did not establish at a detectable level in the insect, however, its transient presence improved larval performance in its early developmental stages.In Chapter 6, the effects of diet composition and probiotic provision on T. molitor larval performance and chemical com...

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Section: Management Of Harmful Symbiontsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

Savio

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The plasticity of immune memory in invertebrates

Lanz-Mendoza,

Gálvez,

Contreras-Garduño

2024

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Whether specific immune protection after initial pathogen exposure (immune memory) occurs in invertebrates has long been uncertain. The absence of antibodies, B-cells and T-cells, and the short lifespans of invertebrates led to the hypothesis that immune memory does not occur in these organisms. However, research in the past two decades has supported the existence of immune memory in several invertebrate groups, including Ctenophora, Cnidaria, Nematoda, Mollusca and Arthropoda. Interestingly, some studies have demonstrated immune memory that is specific to the parasite strain. Nonetheless, other work does not provide support for immune memory in invertebrates or offers only partial support. Moreover, the expected biphasic immune response, a characteristic of adaptive immune memory in vertebrates, varies within and between invertebrate species. This variation may be attributed to the influence of biotic or abiotic factors, particularly parasites, on the outcome of immune memory. Despite its critical importance for survival, the role of phenotypic plasticity in immune memory has not been systematically examined in the past two decades. Additionally, the features of immune responses occurring in diverse environments have yet to be fully characterized.

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Infection risk by oral contamination does not induce immune priming in the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) but triggers behavioral and physiological responses

Goerlinger,

Develay,

Balourdet

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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In invertebrates, immune priming is the ability of individuals to enhance their immune response based on prior immunological experiences. This adaptive-like immunity likely evolved due to the risk of repeated infections by parasites in the host’s natural habitat. The expression of immune priming varies across host and pathogen species, as well as infection routes (oral or wounds), reflecting finely tuned evolutionary adjustments. Evidence from the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) suggests that Gram-positive bacterial pathogens play a significant role in immune priming after systemic infection. Despite the likelihood of oral infections by natural bacterial pathogens in T. molitor, it remains debated whether ingestion of contaminated food leads to systemic infection, and whether oral immune priming is possible is currently unknown. We first attempted to induce immune priming in both T. molitor larvae and adults by exposing them to food contaminated with living or dead Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. We found that oral ingestion of living bacteria did not kill them, but septic wounds caused rapid mortality. Intriguingly, the consumption of either dead or living bacteria did not protect against reinfection, contrasting with injury-induced priming. We further examined the effects of infecting food with various living bacterial pathogens on variables such as food consumption, mass gain, and feces production in larvae. We found that larvae exposed to Gram-positive bacteria in their food ingested less food, gained less mass and/or produced more feces than larvae exposed to contaminated food with Gram-negative bacteria or control food. This suggests that oral contamination with Gram-positive bacteria induced both behavioral responses and peristalsis defense mechanisms, even though no immune priming was observed here. Considering that the oral route of infection neither caused the death of the insects nor induced priming, we propose that immune priming in T. molitor may have primarily evolved as a response to the infection risk associated with wounds rather than oral ingestion.

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Efficient Oral Priming of Tenebrio molitor Larvae Using Heat-Inactivated Microorganisms

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

Effects of feed and probiotic bacteria on Tenebrio molitor performance and entomopathogen susceptibility

The plasticity of immune memory in invertebrates

Infection risk by oral contamination does not induce immune priming in the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor) but triggers behavioral and physiological responses

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