Efficient molecule discrimination in electron microscopy through an optimized orbital angular momentum sorter

Troiani, Filippo; Rotunno, Enzo; Frabboni, Stefano; Ravelli, Raimond B. G.; Peters, Peter J.; Karimi, Ebrahim; Grillo, Vincenzo

doi:10.1103/physreva.102.043510

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It can be appreciated that most of the information is contained in the l = 0 axis and in a restricted set of radial coordinates. Reproduced from Troiani et al (2020) with permission from the American Physical Society.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given prior knowledge about the (low-resolution) structure of the model, the quantum sorter can be used to identify the presence of that molecule when a STEM beam is scanned over it. The capability to discriminate two different protein models using the quantum sorter was recently analyzed by Troiani et al (2020) within the general framework of quantum state discrimination. For two given proteins, and for the two corresponding wavefunctions of the scattered electrons, one can derive the observable that maximizes the discrimination probability.…”

Section: Quantum Sortermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A merit factor was established by calculating how many electrons are required in order for the probability of identifying the protein to exceed a given threshold, say 95%. It was found by numerical simulation that an optimal measurement scheme could be constructed by modifying the angular basis by an appropriate projector on a new custom basis (Troiani et al, 2020). When this strategy is applied, the number of electrons necessary for discrimination would be far less than 1 e À Å À2 (3.7 MGy).…”

Section: Quantum Sortermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-particle cryo-EM: alternative schemes to improve dose efficiency

Zhang¹,

Lu²,

Rotunno³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Radiat

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Imaging of biomolecules by ionizing radiation, such as electrons, causes radiation damage which introduces structural and compositional changes of the specimen. The total number of high-energy electrons per surface area that can be used for imaging in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is severely restricted due to radiation damage, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). High resolution details are dampened by the transfer function of the microscope and detector, and are the first to be lost as radiation damage alters the individual molecules which are presumed to be identical during averaging. As a consequence, radiation damage puts a limit on the particle size and sample heterogeneity with which electron microscopy (EM) can deal. Since a transmission EM (TEM) image is formed from the scattering process of the electron by the specimen interaction potential, radiation damage is inevitable. However, we can aim to maximize the information transfer for a given dose and increase the SNR by finding alternatives to the conventional phase-contrast cryo-EM techniques. Here some alternative transmission electron microscopy techniques are reviewed, including phase plate, multi-pass transmission electron microscopy, off-axis holography, ptychography and a quantum sorter. Their prospects for providing more or complementary structural information within the limited lifetime of the sample are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantum Sortermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantum Sortermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Single-particle cryo-EM: alternative schemes to improve dose efficiency

Zhang¹,

Lu²,

Rotunno³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Radiat

Self Cite

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“…The measurement of OAM for electron vortex beams, has received a great deal of attention and a variety of methods have been demonstrated [67,[78][79][80][81][82]. Most promising is the so-called OAM sorter [81,82], this has been proposed [83,84] and experimentally demonstrated [85] as an OAM analyzing element to an electron microscope. Thus, such an element could be conceivably added to a typical reaction microscope (ReMi) [86][87][88] employed for NSDI-a ReMi measures correlation of the ion and the two electrons, thus, it is already well-suited for studying entanglement [89].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entanglement of Orbital Angular Momentum in Non-Sequential Double Ionization

Maxwell,

Madsen,

Lewenstein

2021

Preprint

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We demonstrate entanglement between the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of two photoelectrons ionized via the strongly correlated process of non-sequential double ionization (NSDI). Due to the quantization of OAM, this entanglement is easily quantified and has a simple physical interpretation in terms of conservation laws. We explore detection by an entanglement witness, decomposable into local measurements, which strongly reduces the difficulty of experimental implementation. We compute the logarithmic negativity measure, which is directly applicable to mixed states, to demonstrate that the entanglement is robust to incoherent effects such as focal averaging. Using the strong-field approximation, we quantify the entanglement for a large range of targets and field parameters, isolating the best targets for experimentalists. The methodology presented here provides a general way to use OAM to quantify and, in principle, measure entanglement, that is well-suited to attosecond processes, can enhance our understanding and may be exploited in imaging processes or the generation of OAM-entangled electrons.

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“…When the position and orientation are known, a single phase mask may be sufficient 34 . When the orientation is unknown, efficient discrimination is still possible by using a sequence of diffractive elements to measure in an orbital angular momentum basis 35 . An efficient strategy for QSD when both the position and orientation are unknown has yet to be proposed.…”

Section: Visions Of a Quantum Electron Microscopementioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Electron Microscopy at the Quantum Limit

Koppell¹,

Israel²,

Bowman³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A number of visions for a new generation of dose-efficient electron microscopes have been advanced. These proposals, while inspired by quantum principles, make little contact with the broader field of quantum metrology. We discuss a framework calculating the amount of information carried by each electron. This makes it possible to evaluate the potential effectiveness of any particular microscope architecture relative to the quantum limit for information per dose. In the case of phase imaging, we argue this limit is at least an order of magnitude beyond what is possible with aberration-free Zernike phase contrast.

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Efficient molecule discrimination in electron microscopy through an optimized orbital angular momentum sorter

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Single-particle cryo-EM: alternative schemes to improve dose efficiency

Single-particle cryo-EM: alternative schemes to improve dose efficiency

Entanglement of Orbital Angular Momentum in Non-Sequential Double Ionization

Transmission Electron Microscopy at the Quantum Limit

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