Efficient Mode Multiplexer for Few-Mode Fibers Using Integrated Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide Grating Coupler

Tong, Y. L.; Zhou, Wen; Wu, Xinru; Tsang, Hon Ki

doi:10.1109/jqe.2019.2950126

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In recent years, practical implementations of mode division multiplexing (MDM) on silicon photonics have already been proposed [ 7 , 109 , 110 , 111 ], which promote the demand for direct FMF mode-multiplexing interface on chip. To the best of our knowledge, for higher-order mode interface using GC, thus far only LP 11 mode experimental demonstration has been reported [ 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 ]; LP 21 mode coupling using GC is simulated in some works [ 118 , 121 ], but experimental implementations are still desirable. Higher-order FMF modes consist of multiple lobes in its electric field profile, while neighboring lobes have opposite phase.…”

Section: Emerging Trends In Grating Coupler Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second approach is to excite higher-order FMF modes using TE 1 waveguide mode [ 117 , 118 , 119 ], not necessarily with thermal phase shifters. We take the GC illustrated in Figure 9 c as an example [ 118 ].…”

Section: Emerging Trends In Grating Coupler Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve the performance and allowing LP 11a mode, this work also has two inputs at two different ends of the GCs, while this additional enhancement does require phase shifter. In [ 119 ], similar operation without inputs from opposing ends and phase shifters is investigated. Another demonstration in [ 116 ] does not interface TE 1 mode directly with GC, a Y-junction splits it into two TE 0 modes that maintain the opposite phase.…”

Section: Emerging Trends In Grating Coupler Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues

et al. 2020

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Silicon photonics is an enabling technology that provides integrated photonic devices and systems with low-cost mass manufacturing capability. It has attracted increasing attention in both academia and industry in recent years, not only for its applications in communications, but also in sensing. One important issue of silicon photonics that comes with its high integration density is an interface between its high-performance integrated waveguide devices and optical fibers or free-space optics. Surface grating coupler is a preferred candidate that provides flexibility for circuit design and reduces effort for both fabrication and alignment. In the past decades, considerable research efforts have been made on in-plane grating couplers to address their insufficiency in coupling efficiency, wavelength sensitivity and polarization sensitivity compared with out-of-plane edge-coupling. Apart from improved performances, new functionalities are also on the horizon for grating couplers. In this paper, we review the current research progresses made on grating couplers, starting from their fundamental theories and concepts. Then, we conclude various methods to improve their performance, including coupling efficiency, polarization and wavelength sensitivity. Finally, we discuss some emerging research topics on grating couplers, as well as practical issues such as testing, packaging and promising applications.

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Section: Emerging Trends In Grating Coupler Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emerging Trends In Grating Coupler Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emerging Trends In Grating Coupler Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues

et al. 2020

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“…By employing an aluminum mirror, a coupling efficiency of −10.6 dB with 3.7 dB mode-dependent coupling loss is achieved. In the study by Tong et al [245], a single 2D grating coupler was used to multiplex modes into FMF, as depicted in Figure 21(c). Injecting TE 0 mode to the LP 01−y launching port generates the LP 01 mode at the output interface.…”

Section: Optical Interfaces For Lp Mode (De)multiplexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Schematic of a mode multiplexer using a grating coupler array and (b) its generated modes observed after transmission through a 5-m long FMF that supports only LP 01 and LP 11 modes[244]. (c) Schematic of a 2D grating coupler-based multiplexer and (d) its generated mode profiles measured after fiber transmission[245]. FMF, few-mode fiber.…”

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Scaling capacity of fiber-optic transmission systems via silicon photonics

2020

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The tremendous growth of data traffic has spurred a rapid evolution of optical communications for a higher data transmission capacity. Next-generation fiber-optic communication systems will require dramatically increased complexity that cannot be obtained using discrete components. In this context, silicon photonics is quickly maturing. Capable of manipulating electrons and photons on the same platform, this disruptive technology promises to cram more complexity on a single chip, leading to orders-of-magnitude reduction of integrated photonic systems in size, energy, and cost. This paper provides a system perspective and reviews recent progress in silicon photonics probing all dimensions of light to scale the capacity of fiber-optic networks toward terabits-per-second per optical interface and petabits-per-second per transmission link. Firstly, we overview fundamentals and the evolving trends of silicon photonic fabrication process. Then, we focus on recent progress in silicon coherent optical transceivers. Further scaling the system capacity requires multiplexing techniques in all the dimensions of light: wavelength, polarization, and space, for which we have seen impressive demonstrations of on-chip functionalities such as polarization diversity circuits and wavelength- and space-division multiplexers. Despite these advances, large-scale silicon photonic integrated circuits incorporating a variety of active and passive functionalities still face considerable challenges, many of which will eventually be addressed as the technology continues evolving with the entire ecosystem at a fast pace.

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The Intelligent Design of Silicon Photonic Devices

Li,

Zhou,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Advanced Optical Materials

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Photonic devices based on silicon waveguides are essential to versatile high‐performance and low‐cost photonic integrated systems. Extremely complex silicon photonic devices with hundreds or even thousands of degrees of freedom (DOF) are successfully designed and manufactured based on recent advances in data science and nanofabrication technology. At this level, conventional forward‐reasoning may no longer be suitable for designing high‐performance silicon photonic devices with novel functionalities since the light‐matter interaction is complex and non‐intuitive. Therefore, the timely development of sub‐wavelength silicon photonic devices that can precisely mold the flow of light is a critical and urgent issue requiring joint engineering and scientific efforts. In this paper, an inverse design strategy based on heuristic and gradient descendant algorithms, enabling the realization of large‐scale integrated devices is first introduced. Subsequently, the burgeoning deep learning technology, which offers a promising direction for the automation design of silicon photonics with a data‐driven approach, is discussed. Finally, the obstacles and prospects in this emerging research direction are revealed. Detail discussions from multiple perspectives are provided. This review aims to provide general guidance and a comprehensive reference for scientists developing photonic integrated systems.

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Efficient Mode Multiplexer for Few-Mode Fibers Using Integrated Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguide Grating Coupler

Cited by 54 publications

References 30 publications

Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues

Grating Couplers on Silicon Photonics: Design Principles, Emerging Trends and Practical Issues

Scaling capacity of fiber-optic transmission systems via silicon photonics

The Intelligent Design of Silicon Photonic Devices

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