Efficient manipulations of circularly polarized terahertz waves with transmissive metasurfaces

Jia, Min; Wang, Zhuo; Li, Heting; Wang, Xinke; Luo, Weijie; Sun, Shulin; Zhang, Yan; He, Qiong; Zhou, Lei

doi:10.1038/s41377-019-0127-0

Cited by 123 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Dielectric materials of desired relative permittivity values have been employed as spacers in single and multilayer devices . These devices have either been demonstrated as freestanding devices or devices supported on a ground plane . With a suitable dielectric material and shape of the resonating element, a wide range of applications can be demonstrated based on the manipulation of polarization, phase, and amplitude of an incident electric field.…”

Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These devices have either been demonstrated as freestanding devices or devices supported on a ground plane . With a suitable dielectric material and shape of the resonating element, a wide range of applications can be demonstrated based on the manipulation of polarization, phase, and amplitude of an incident electric field. Device demonstration examples include band‐pass transmission; broad‐ and narrow‐band absorbers for detection applications; low‐loss polarizers; low‐loss and high‐gain beamforming; or devices demonstrating dynamic properties such as modulators and switches …”

Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These devices when bent to match conformal surfaces can reasonably retain their electromagnetic properties. Examples of most commonly used flexible polymer dielectric materials, as substrates or spacers, include polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimide (commercially supplied as Kapton), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), parylene‐C, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), etc. The properties specific to each polymeric material and its challenges in fabrication are discussed and addressed.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyimide is one of the most commonly used dielectric substrate or spacer for terahertz single and multilayer devices . The advantages include strong adhesion by metals and mechanical stability that facilitate terahertz device fabrication and resistance to solvents.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Ako

Upadhyay

Withayachumnankul

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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on distinctive spectral signatures resulting from vibrational modes of covalent and hydrogen bonds. [8,[13][14][15][16] The focus on this spectrally rich region is attributed to the highly coherent and nonionizing nature of terahertz radiation, wide unallocated frequency bands, distinctive wavelengths, and their penetration through a significant depth of dielectric materials. Terahertz technology is geared toward realizing devices that can efficiently manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of terahertz radiations for the above-mentioned myriad of applications.However, progress in this domain is held back by low terahertz power available from compact sources, high free-space path loss, and limited choice of materials that exhibit less absorption of terahertz waves. [17] Owing to the fact that natural materials demonstrate weak wave-matter interaction at terahertz frequencies, terahertz devices with engineered subwavelength resonant metallic inclusions on dielectric spacers have been realized, to interact strongly with an incident electromagnetic wave.In the past, metamaterials have been a promising route to building terahertz devices. These devices have in essence been engineered as 3D resonating elements that effectively manipulate both permittivity and permeability of an effective medium to couple to free space. The underlining disadvantage of these structures is the difficulty involved in the fabrication of 3D geometrical structures using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. Standard fabrication techniques are generally amenable to 2D design with extrusion of these structures into thickness (the third, vertical dimension). Moreover, the choice and availability of dielectric materials and metals that provide sufficient interaction while retaining device efficiency has proved challenging. [13,[18][19][20] Recently, effective manipulation of electromagnetic wave has been widely demonstrated with 2D metasurfaces, which were originally employed as building blocks for 3D metamaterials. In these lower-dimension designs, effective manipulation of terahertz waves for various applications is achieved by carefully designing sub-wavelength resonant structures as is evident in published review articles. [21,22] Metasurfaces present high degree of compactness that enhances radiation efficiency. Additionally, the planar form factor of metasurfaces enables Manipulation of terahertz radiation opens new opportunities that underpin application areas in communication, security, material sensing, and characterization. Metasurfaces employed for terahertz manipulation of phase, amplitude, or polarization of terahertz waves have limitations in radiation efficiency which is attributed to losses in the materials constituting the devices. Metallic resonators-based terahertz devices suffer from high ohmic losses, while dielectric substrates and spacers with high relative permittivity and loss tangent also reduce bandwidth and efficiency. To overcome these issues, a proper choice of low loss and low relative permittivi...

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Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dielectric Materials As Spacers and Substrates At Terahertz mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of Single and Multilayer Terahertz Metasurface Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Ako

Upadhyay

Withayachumnankul

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

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show abstract

“…However, the high Ohmic loss of plasmonic metasurface results in a significantly suppressed efficiency. The newly developed dielectric and multilayered plasmonic metasurfaces can drastically improve the efficiency, but result in the complexity of design and fabrication, hindering their practical applications. To meet the requirements of future THz communications, exploring planar THz photonics with simple configuration, low loss, and low cost is imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar Terahertz Photonics Mediated by Liquid Crystal Polymers

Shen

Tang

Chen

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Terahertz (THz) band is expected to satisfy the ever‐increasing demand for high‐capacity wireless data transfer. Multifunctional photonic devices with compactness and low loss are highly pursued for future THz communications. Here, a strategy for planar THz photonics is proposed that enables free wavefront manipulation with submillimeter thin liquid crystal polymer (LCP) films. Such elements work on the spatial geometric phase modulation, which is accomplished by preprogramming the axis orientations of LCP. The LCP monomers follow the guidance of local photoalignment agent and are further polymerized under UV exposure at the existence of a doped photo‐initializer. Thanks to the high resolution and excellent flexibility of the photopatterning technique, THz elements with versatile functions can be realized. As examples, waveplates, polarization gratings, and lenses, which are suitable for the polarization control, beam deflecting, focusing, or collimating, are demonstrated. Due to the intrinsic flexibility of LCP films, an f‐tunable lens enabled by mechanically induced deformation is exhibited. Specific mode generators for vortices and Bessel beams are also presented, which can function as separate channels for the mode division multiplexing in THz communications. This work provides a robust platform for fabricating integrated, low‐loss, and tunable THz elements suitable for the advanced THz apparatuses.

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Stereo Metasurfaces for Efficient and Broadband Terahertz Polarization Conversion

Zhang

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Efficient and flexible manipulation of terahertz (THz) polarization in a broadband manner using metasurfaces has attracted continuous attention in recent years. Previous studies commonly apply multilayer metallic resonators or bonded dielectric structures as the basic units, which are affected by the spacer loss or bonding difficulty and stability. Here, we propose a new design scheme based on all-metal stereo U-shaped meta-atom working in a reflection configuration. The stereo metasurface functions as an efficient and broadband THz waveplate with tailorable birefringence simply controlled by the sunken depth. Such an intriguing property is experimentally verified by a reflection-type THz half-waveplate. The polarization conversion ratio is higher than 90% with 69% relative bandwidth and over 85° angle tolerance for incidence. Furthermore, an efficient and broadband meta-grating based on Pancharatnam-Berry phase method is also experimentally demonstrated. The proposed strategy enriches the design degrees of freedom of polarization-related metasurfaces and may find broad applications in realizing various functional devices. 11974259, 61875150, 61935015); Tianjin Municipal Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (grant No. 18JCJQJC45600).

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Efficient manipulations of circularly polarized terahertz waves with transmissive metasurfaces

Cited by 123 publications

References 49 publications

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Dielectrics for Terahertz Metasurfaces: Material Selection and Fabrication Techniques

Planar Terahertz Photonics Mediated by Liquid Crystal Polymers

Stereo Metasurfaces for Efficient and Broadband Terahertz Polarization Conversion

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