Efficient magnesium recovery from seawater desalination brine via CO2 mineralization to synthesize hydromagnesite for uranium extraction

Understanding the K+/Na+-Selectivity-Enabled Osmotic Power Generation: High Selectivity May Not Be Indispensable

“…In high-concentration electrolyte solutions, such as seawater (0.5 M) and biological tissue fluid (0.2 M), a considerable amount of free energy of approximately 3 kJ/L is stored in the form of an entropy change due to solution mixing. − This physical insight broadens our perspective to recover energy from concentrated brine, a waste product of seawater desalination, or inversely, to gently input small amounts of energy for separation of rare metal components in salt-lake brine. − Despite these applications having varied purposes and methodologies, they share two common issues, that is, the need for ion-specific channel membranes and the energy difference contributed by ionic concentration and composition.…”