Efficient lasing action from Rhodamine-110 (Rh-110) impregnated sol–gel silica samples prepared by dip method

Molecular structure and reversible photodegradation in anthraquinone dyes

“…Photodegradation is typically characterized by the irreversible breaking of bonds, which is accompanied by a change in the linear absorption spectrum when the molecule transitions from its pristine state to a damaged one. Dye lasers are a well known example of a liquid solution, [3][4][5][6] solid solution [7][8][9] or in a sol-gel [10,11] in which the active dye solute degrades under such photochemical reactions upon prolonged exposure.…”

Fluorescence properties of dye doped mesoporous silica

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Starting from porous silica, the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids can be achieved by different methods: the post synthesis impregnation of the matrix or the introduction of dye molecules during the sol phase (pre-synthesis) [25][26][27]. Depending on the bond between the guest molecules and the host surface, the hybrids are divided into two categories: type I, where the bond is weak (van der Walls interaction or H-bond), and type II, where the bond is covalent.…”

“…If the host-guest bond is weak, the hybrids are classified as type I. However one can also choose a specific precursor of the molecules that lead to the formation of a covalent bond after chemical reaction, and the hybrids are classified as type II [25][26][27].…”

Lamellar mono-amidosil hybrids incorporating monomethinecyanine dyes

“…Sol-gel chemistry 6 is one of the preferred methods for the preparation of advanced multifunctional organic-inorganic hybrid systems. The mild chemical conditions of this process allow the addition of dopants, such as organic dyes, to the host framework, yielding active materials with promising technological applications 7,8 in optics and photonics, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] diagnostic and imaging, [19][20][21] dye-sensitized solar cells, 22 transparent colored coatings 23 and forensic investigation. 24 Organic dyes intercalated within organic-inorganic host cages are known to exhibit signicantly different properties from their solutions.…”

“…25 The incorporation of organic compounds into glasses prepared via the sol-gel method was rst described in 1984 by Avnir et al 26 who demonstrated the possibility of using the resulting materials as solid-state dye lasers. The intense research that followed this work involved the exploration of different types of dyes (e.g., rhodamines, [13][14][15][16][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] cyanines 17,18,20,34 and perylimides 35 ) and a variety of host matrices (e.g., organically modied silicates (ormosils), 17,18,27,28,35 silica gels, 27,36 mesoporous silica, 29,31 silica nanoparticles 20 and composite glass-polymer frameworks 5,13,27,32,37,38 ).…”