Efficient IoT based Weather Station

Weather Sensing in an Urban Environment with the Use of a UAV and WebRTC-Based Platform: A Pilot Study

“…Weather stations either are stationary [3][4][5][6][7][8]11], mobile [8][9][10][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], or portable [21]. The mobile ones, especially UAV-based ones intended for weather sensing in the urban environment, usually do not alter but extend the use of stationary weather stations.…”

“…Weather stations typically provide measurements of atmospheric parameters, such as air temperature, relative humidity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall [6]. While ambient temperature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]13,14,16,20] and relative humidity [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]16,20] are typical measured parameters, atmospheric pressure was measured in about two-thirds of the analyzed stations [3,5,[7][8][9]13,14,16,20], and one-third of them were capable of measuring some parameters of solar radiation (e.g., luminosity [8,10] and global solar radiation [6]). The UV index was measured by only one solution [9].…”

“…General-purpose weather stations based on low-cost sensors typically do not use cameras for observation of present weather. A camera was not installed in all considered stationary weather stations [3][4][5][6][7][8] and in some UAVs [8,13,14,16]. Although in other UAVs, a camera was mounted [8][9][10], the video observations of present weather were not carried out, and the camera was considered to be used only for pilotage (or it was not used at all).…”

“…[6] stationary temperature, humidity, global solar radiation not mounted [9] mobile temperature, humidity, pressure, UV index, ambient light used only for pilotage [13,14] mobile temperature, pressure not mounted [3] stationary temperature, humidity, pressure, rain not mounted [7] stationary temperature, humidity, pressure not mounted [4] stationary temperature, humidity, wind speed not mounted [5] stationary temperature, humidity, pressure, rain not mounted [16] mobile temperature, humidity, static and dynamic pressure not mounted [10] mobile temperature, humidity, solar radiation (luminosity only) not used [20] mobile temperature, humidity, pressure, air speed, vertical velocity not mounted [8] stationary temperature, humidity, rain, solar radiation (luminosity only) not mounted [8] mobile temperature, humidity, pressure not mounted [33] mobile temperature, humidity, pressure not used [21] portable temperature, humidity, solar radiation not mounted this paper mobile temperature, humidity, pressure, UV index weather observations…”

“…For some time, weather stations were often built as Internet of Things (IoT) devices [3][4][5], which increases their availability. At the same time, the development of low-cost sensors, initially for the needs of the smartphone market, also entailed frequent use of such sensors in weather stations (e.g., [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]). This results in a reduction in the cost of weather stations, which indirectly contributes to an increase in the density of weather measurement points [7].…”