Efficient induction of persistent and prenatal parvovirus infection in rats

Gaertner, Diane J.; Smith, Abigail L.; Jacoby, Robert O.

doi:10.1016/0168-1702(96)01351-2

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Lanes 1, 4, and 7, kidneys; lanes 2, 5, and 8, livers; lanes 3, 6, and 9, lungs. during acute and persistent infection (24,26). This paper confirms and extends those results by examining persistent vascular infection with strand-specific probes and immunohistochemistry.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Inoculation of older euthymic infants with RV-Y or decreasing the virus dose reduced clinical morbidity but lowered the prevalence of persistent infection. These drawbacks were overcome by inoculating 6-day-old infants with the University of Massachusetts strain of RV (RV-UMass), a more virulent strain (26). This regimen induced infection in 19 of 20 euthymic rats through 8 weeks postinoculation without producing clinical signs and induced asymptomatic persistent infection consistently in athymic rats.…”

Section: The Results Demonstrate That Vasculotropism Is a Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Jacoby

Johnson

Paturzo

et al. 2000

J Virol

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Rat virus (RV) infection can cause disease or disrupt responses that rely on cell proliferation. Therefore, persistent infection has the potential to amplify RV interference with research. As a step toward determining underlying mechanisms of persistence, we compared acute and persistent RV infections in infant euthymic and athymic rats inoculated oronasally with the University of Massachusetts strain of RV. Rats were assessed by virus isolation, in situ hybridization, and serology. Selected tissues also were analyzed by Southern blotting or immunohistochemistry. Virus was widely disseminated during acute infection in rats of both phenotypes, whereas vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) were the primary targets during persistent infection. The prevalence of virus-positive cells remained moderate to high in athymic rats through 8 weeks but decreased in euthymic rats by 2 weeks, coincident with seroconversion and perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells. Virus-positive pneumocytes and renal tubular epithelial cells also were detected through 8 weeks, implying that kidney and lung excrete virus during persistent infection. Viral mRNA was detected in SMC of both phenotypes through 8 weeks, indicating that persistent infection includes virus replication. However, only half of the SMC containing viral mRNA at 4 weeks stained for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a protein expressed in cycling cells. The results demonstrate that vasculotropism is a significant feature of persistent infection, that virus replication continues during persistent infection, and that host immunity reduces, but does not eliminate, infection.Rat virus (RV) is a common virus of laboratory rats and the prototype virus for the family Parvoviridae (29, 35). It is one of three parvovirus serotypes which infect rats; the others are H-1 virus (54) and rat parvovirus (4). RV can disrupt research by causing disease or distorting biological responses in laboratory rats (53). These effects have been attributed to the proclivity of autonomous parvoviruses for mitotically active cells (18). RV infection in fetal and infant rats, which have numerous cycling cells, can lead to severe tissue necrosis and clinical morbidity (30, 34). The preference of RV for mitotically active cells is also thought to account for its ability to distort responses dependent on cell proliferation, including suppression of tumor growth (7) and immune responses to transplantable neoplasms (13) and tissue alloantigens (40).The risks to biomedical research from RV are heightened by the persistence of infection after the onset of antiviral immunity. A capacity for persistence was suspected from a early study of RV which demonstrated infectious virus in immune rats (50). We subsequently found that some rats inoculated with RV by the oronasal route at 2 days of age harbored infection for at least 6 months and excreted virus for up to 11 weeks, well after the onset of antiviral immunity (32). Susceptibility to persistent infection appeared to be age dependent, since randomly bred ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: The Results Demonstrate That Vasculotropism Is a Significantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Jacoby

Johnson

Paturzo

et al. 2000

J Virol

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“…Rats may harbor and transmit RV long after seroconversion occurs, with the frequency of persistent infection during natural outbreaks (Gaertner et al, 1996) and experimental infections being RV strain-dependent. In persistent infections, DNA and antigenic evidence of RV is most likely to be observed in lymphoid tissues, endothelium, vascular muscle tunics, and renal tubular epithelium (Gaertner et al, 1996;Jacoby et al, 1991). Infection of pregnant females also results in persistent infection of progeny; however pups of persistently infected dams are protected, presumably by maternal antibody .…”

Section: Rat Parvovirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and Diseases of Rats

Otto

Franklin

Clifford

2015

Laboratory Animal Medicine

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“…Each institution employs a manager who is responsible for the biosecurity of laboratory -Original-animals in their animal facilities. Animals containing pathogens have physiological changes which could have detrimental effects not only on experiment results but also on the researchers if these diseases were transmitted to humans [2,4,6,7,11]. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the facility manager to ensure the microbiological quality of laboratory animals for the safety of both the animals and humans [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Laboratory Mice in Korea and Recommendations for Quality Improvement

Seok

Lee

et al. 2010

Exp. Anim.

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Regular monitoring of commercial laboratory rodents and institutional research animal residents is essential for microbiological quality control programs. The objective of our study was to investigate the recent prevalence of infectious pathogens in laboratory mice from eight experimental animal vendors and 56 institutional animal facilities in Korea. Our investigation was conducted in 2006-2007. Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) mice from four commercial breeders were clean according to serological, bacteriological, parasitological, and histopathological examination results. However, mice from one intermediate vendor that distributed SPF animals from main commercial vendors to local districts had Syphacia obvelata and Mycoptes musculinus infections. Additionally, mice from conventional animal breeders were highly contaminated. Among the 56 institutional animal facilities, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), Sendai virus and Mycoplasma pulmonis positive results were obtained in 23.2, 8.9, and 1.8% of animals tested, respectively. These results indicate that quarantine and eradication efforts of infectious pathogens in these facilities are sub-optimal and need to be improved. The use of commercial conventional mice for research should be eliminated and appropriate vendor selection as well as thorough quarantine before releasing animals into a facility are needed. Finally we suggest qualified veterinary experts are needed at each animal facility to ensure an adequate health surveillance program.

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Efficient induction of persistent and prenatal parvovirus infection in rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Persistent Rat Virus Infection in Smooth Muscle of Euthymic and Athymic Rats

Biology and Diseases of Rats

Microbiological Quality Assessment of Laboratory Mice in Korea and Recommendations for Quality Improvement

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