Efficient Grey Water Treatment and Reuse Options for India—A Review

Sushmitha, M. B.; Chanakya, H. N.; Khuntia, Himanshu Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2619-6_12

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This last feature allows removing contaminants with a simple treatment system chain, unlike other WW, making the onsite treatment of water possible [5]. In recent years, several types of processes have been tested on GW, such as filtration [37,38], membrane bioreactors [39,40], rotating biological contactors [35], sequencing batch reactor [41,42], up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket [43,44] and constructed wetlands (CW) [45,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case

Collivignarelli

Miino

Gomez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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In the coming years, water stress is destined to worsen considering that the consumption of water is expected to increase significantly, and climate change is expected to become more evident. Greywater (GW) has been studied as an alternative water source in arid and semiarid zones. Although there is no single optimal solution in order to treat GW, constructed wetlands proved to be effective. In this paper, the results of the treatment of a real GW by a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) for more than four months are shown. In the preliminary laboratory-scale plant, Phragmites australis, Carex oshimensis and Cyperus papyrus were tested separately and showed very similar results. In the second phase, pilot-scale tests were conducted to confirm the performance at a larger scale and evaluate the influence of hydraulic retention time, obtaining very high removal yields on turbidity (>92%), total suspended solids (TSS) (>85%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (>89%), and five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (>88%). Based on the results of the pilot-scale HFCW, a comparison with international recommendations by World Health Organization and European Union is discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case

Collivignarelli

Miino

Gomez

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…However, compared to blackwater, greywater constitutes a large proportion of the water discharged from households (65-100%) and is relatively low in nutrients and pathogens (although not entirely pathogen-free) (139). Small quantities of greywater can usually be managed safely onsite with simple technologies, although as access to water increases, so too does the volume of greywater that must be managed (140). The majority of greywater in non-sewered areas is discharged without any treatment into any available space, as it is not perceived to be a harmful substance (141).…”

Section: Greywatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in and Integration of Water, Sanitation, and Solid Waste for Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Narayan

Marks

Meierhofer

et al. 2021

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

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The water, sanitation, and solid waste sectors are closely related and have many interactions between their respective service chains in low-and middle-income countries. Currently, these interactions mostly lead to cross-contamination, and opportunities for co-benefits are seldom realized. This review presents the key advancements within each of these three development sectors in the past two decades. We identify numerous similarities such as decentralization, resource recovery, community involved planning, and digitalization. Despite the potential for synergies and the opportunities to maximize positive interactions, there have been few attempts to break the existing sectoral silos in order to integrate these three service chains. We argue that, with the right enabling environment, an integrated approach to holistically planning and implementing water supply, sanitation, and solid waste management can create positive interactions resulting in co-benefits among complementary development goals. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…[3] Grey-water treatment and reuse can be a helpful nonpotable water source for toilet draining, watering gardens, automotive and floor washing, etc. [4,5] Many nations have specific rules for the control of grey-water and direct human interaction is prohibited. [6] Treated grey-water should be clean, hygienic, environment friendly, cost-effective and aesthetic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Testing of Raw and Filtered Grey-water Emerging from Kitchen Sink: A Case Study

Paithankar

Kumar

2022

SMSJ

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The limited freshwater supplies in arid regions have created alternative water management strategies. Data indicates that grey-water generation varies from 39-85% in various countries. Grey-water treatment and reuse can be a helpful nonpotable water source for toilet draining, watering gardens, car and floor washing, etc. Treated grey-water should be clean, hygienic, environment-friendly and cost-effective. The goal of this research is (i) to test the parameters of raw grey-water (ii) create a filter bed (iii) test parameters of treated grey-water (iv) Compare the parameters of raw and treated grey-water (v) describe the area of use.

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Efficient Grey Water Treatment and Reuse Options for India—A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case

Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case

Advancements in and Integration of Water, Sanitation, and Solid Waste for Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Quality Testing of Raw and Filtered Grey-water Emerging from Kitchen Sink: A Case Study

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